What is a network Discuss the advantages of using a network, and Essay

What is a internet Discuss the advantages of victimisation a net twist, and briefly explain the main types of networks - Essay ExampleInstead, all computers in a network can be connected to a single printer such that users can access it from their work stations. This helps to minimize costs, time wastage as well as protecting the machines from contracting computer viruses, which may be spread through the use of removable storage devices to transfer documents (Newman, 2010).There atomic number 18 various types of networks which take and not limited to local theatre of operations networks (LAN), wide area networks (WAN) and metropolitan area networks (MAN) (Wetherall, 2010). Computers and other computer hardware in a LAN are connected in spite of appearance a short geographical distance, for interpreter a building, a hospital or a school, through the use of guided media i.e. cables. If numerous LANs are interconnected within a wide geographical area such as across continents the n, they draw a Wide Area Network. The internet is an example of a WAN as it facilitates connectivity between users passim the world regardless of their geographical location. On the other hand MAN is an interconnection of several LANs within a geographical location smaller than that of WAN. This type of connectivity can be found within an area for example a city or a town (Wetherall,

Marketing Planning and Strategy (The Buying Process)1 Assignment

Marketing Planning and Strategy (The Buying Process)1 - Assignment ExampleIt is easier to stigmatize online because the consumer comp ares a range of products at once, there is a wider selection of products, the prices are better, one gets to see other(a) customers reviews and it saves a lot of time. However, there are certain problems that people encounter when shopping online. In the drive of an eBook, the main problem is receiving the wrong book due to various reasons. This may include that there are many books that have similar titles, but different authors and content (Guruswamy, 2014).A consumers current secern is whereby a need arises due to the depletion or inadequacy of a product, while a consumers exemplification state is whereby the need of a certain product is brought about by opportunity. This means that the need for a product was brought about by the exposure to other different products that might be of better quality, or discontent with a current status. Regardles s of the state, a consumer who buys products online goes through a process that is standard. When buying a book, a current state would mean that the book is needed for research, an assignment or general noesis (Hix, 2000).An ideal state would mean that the book is bought either due to a catchy title or a title similar to another, but buying it was not intended in the first place. A current state would benefit the buyer by providing a solution to a current problem, which would be finding information that is needed currently from a book. An ideal state would benefit the buyer by providing the satisfaction of having the product, providing a solution that had been needed in the past or that is needed in the future. This goes to introduce that consumer wants are un restrict, while, on the other hand, the means through which they can be satisfied are limited (Suen, 2013).I am familiar with buying eBooks online and as is the case with purchasing other products or services, it has a proce ss. The books I buy are

Relationship of the government and the religion Essay

birth of the government and the religion - Essay ExampleRelationship of the government and the religion. In his writing in the Virginia decree for unearthly granting immunity, Jefferson made statement about the freedom of conscience and the Principe of separation between the state and the church. The Virginia spectral freedom statue was rooted in Jefferson philosophy. The statute was passed by Virginia general assembly in January 1786. It is among the first amendment that sort to protect the freedom of religion.The first paragraph of the statute proclaimed freedom of thought. According to Jefferson, the nature God gives a man the freedom to choose his religious belief. Jefferson argues that since the God has given the man freedom of thought to believe or not to believe- there should be no law that compels a man to follow any religion. Individuals are free to worship as they please with no discrimination.Jefferson wanted the assembly to enact that individuals should not be force d be to hold out any religious worship, or enforced, restrained in their bodies and/or goods or suffers due to their religious persuasion or belief. Moreover, all individual are free to profess and by argument maintain their effect on religious matter. Their opinion on matters of religion should not affect in any carriage their civil capacities.The two clauses seem to uphold the view of the Jefferson. The establishment clause prevents the state from influencing any religious opinion on its citizen. The free exercise clause, protects the citizens right to practice their religion as they please.

Strategic Human Resource Management - Assignment 1 Essay

Strategic Human Resource Management - Assignment 1 - Essay ExampleIt is in this context that training and development is regarded as one of the important and priceless constituents of SHRM. Training and development not only supports an organisation to compete with its chief rivals, but also supporter it to sustain in the 21st century competitive landscape (Lundy & Cowling, 1996). From a generalised perspective, it can be apparently observed that the role of training is to develop the performances of the entire workforce belonging to a particular organisation for smoothly performing their different assigned tasks or jobs. Conversely, it has been viewed that the role of development is to prepare the personnel of an organisation for conducting future responsibilities as well as functions in an effective manner (Torrington & et. al., 2011). The organisations belonging to this current day context strongly believed that they can avail significant benefits from paying much attention up on the splendour of training and development. ... Moreover, certain suitable recommendations will also be provided to the family for enhancing this particular field with the intent of maintaining organisational effectiveness. A Brief Overview of Cathay Pacific Airways Cathay Pacific is often regarded as one of the roughly dynamic international airlines in the global passenger and cargo airlines industry. Established in Hong Kong, the company presently deals with operations providing passenger along with cargo services to an excess of 110 destinations throughout the globe. The vision of the company has been to become one of the best airlines across the globe. The company was established in the year 1946. Since then it has been perpetually making substantial investments to drive advancement in the aviation industry of Hong Kong and also to enhance the ancestry face of the economy as a local transportation hub. The airline company has been viewed to prioritise the scenery of S HRM functioning through training and development with the motive of developing the performance of its entire workforce and gum olibanum preserve its operational excellence (Cathay Pacific Airways Limited, n.d.). In this similar concern, the airline company has been viewed to invest considerably on training and development with the intention of accomplishing its pre-determined business targets. The various business goals of the company might invent enhancing profitability along with productivity, increasing market share and most importantly attaining superior competitive position over its chief business market contenders. Driven towards these objectives, the company realised the utmost necessity of emphasising much upon its training and development practices to engage

Book ReviewBrief ReportSocial Systems Analysis Essay

Book ReviewBrief ReportSocial Systems Analysis - Essay compositors caseKotlowitz is believed to have asked their m separate for permission to write about her boys and their family and sur violateings. Allowing him to do so, the mother had famously said that on that point were no children in the Henry Horner Homes meaning that the brutal living conditions prevailing there had robbed the youngsters of their innocence.Alex Kotlowitzs hard contact tale of the Rivers family exposes Chicagos underbelly and laying b be the harsh truth of the extreme poverty, hopelessness, racial discrimination, violence and hazard of life that defines the world of the ghetto people. Inadequate schools, welfare dependence, governmental apathy, unemployment as well as lack of skills, drug wars and so on all play a major role in the plight of American inner-city life.The book chronicles the breakdown of the entire community where pain and sorrow is such a constant it is not acknowledged. Where young child ren harden early having attended more funerals than feasts and needing to run home from school to try and lift being killed in crossfire and so live another day. Thus in another poignant quote, Lafeyette however 10 years old, observes matter-of-factly that if (not when) he grows up he would like to be a bus driver.In spite of all the seemingly hopeless, directionless confusion, the author believes things can still be turned round and tries to do his bit for the two boys by funding their education. However, this is just a drop in the nautical and drastic measures are required to ensure children are not deprived of their childhood.At another take aim of analysis, the Rivers family, central to Kotlowitzs story of the projects lends itself to an investigation of the kindly schema that seems to be the norm in areas like Horners Homes. It meets the extremity of Parsons(Parsons, T. 1951, p5 as cited in Andrew Roberts) definition of a brotherly system that saysA social system consis ts in a plurality of individual actors interacting with each other in a situation which has at least a physical or environmental aspect, actors who are motivated in terms of a magnetic dip to the optimization of gratification and whose relation to their situations, including each other, is defined and mediated in terms of a system of culturally structured and shared symbols. However, this social system fails to hold together when Parsons AGIL model required for the orderly smoothly functioning society is applied to it. For a social system to survive Parson identified quatern basic needs also called social system needs or functional needs. In other words to strive towards social equilibrium or a smoothly functioning society, any social system would need to have as goals the followingAdaptation, Goal-attainment, Integration and Latency or pattern nutritionAdaptation This refers to adaptation of a society to its eco-system. This requires a mechanism to allocate resources and in a s ocial system would be directed by the economy.Goal-attainment To use resources to achieve certain ends, social systems usually imprecate on political institutions to help achieve the goals.Integration To maintain internal order, to ensure values are maintained and symbolized, social systems follow various religions. Integration also maintains a solidarity that

Final Project Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Final Project - Assignment ExampleBut due to be besides slow and too heavy in the Americans full(prenominal)ways, the product did not yield high profit and thus the stigma had to be taken back to Japan. In my own opinion, the Japanese considered American as the trade draw a bead on because at that time the World War II had just end and thus they considered that the vehicle would be used in transport and other commercial assignments. The parvenue brand of Toyopet which the company considered to be accepted in the market was because the elevator car could carry a few passengers and more baggage than any other brand during 1950s. The target market in terms of demographics was in rumination of the family size since the product was manufactured as small brand that would not encourage a administrate of passengers. The assume considered psycho-graphics, the social syllabus and lifestyle since the model was seen as a personal social class of individuals who did not like to use it for transportation purposes. The company, after manufacturing Toyopet Crown then stated that it was the start and new models like Toyota Prius and lexus RX 450h were coming in the future. According to my research after going through the history of Toyopet and the target market, the consumers behavior changed towards the model because the product did not offer 0-to 60- mph performance as an American car and thus meaning that as the company was manufacturing the model they did not consider the environment in which it was going to operate in and thus concluded that the car was not engineered for the united states.The low income earners were the target market for the product since the product was small size automobile that was designed for low cost purchase and operations. Toyopet model resembled the British Ford Consul and Zephyr which were designed for a settled family with young family that needed their first car. grocery store target for the Toyopet Crown in terms

Cooperative Learning Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

conjunct Learning - Research Proposal ExampleThis may be due to the fact of clashing personalities and self-possession of strong ideas that may be hard to reconcile with others. In this regard, cooperation is hailed as a fundamental concern, not only of the educators but also in both local and global organization perspectives (Slavin, R. et al., 1985)The purpose of this authorship is to present and exemplify some possible solutions that address to the emerging problem in the aspect of cooperation, as well as to cite possible ways in order to enhance the so-called concerted learning among members of a team, group, an organization, or the stakeholders in general.We are intelligent, but an intelligent valet alone in the forest would not survive for long (Slavin, 1985, p. 5). This quoted line from Robert E. Slavin (1985) exemplified the essence of cooperation with other individuals living in the society. In this manner, there must be a need to develop ones skills to cooperate and so cialize with other human beings.Nevertheless, conflicts are also inevitable in due course of human group interaction. This may be due to the individual characteristics that could affect group interaction.

DO WE NEED FEMINISM NOW THAT WOMEN ARE FREE Essay

DO WE NEED FEMINISM NOW THAT WOMEN ARE FREE - Essay casefulAs a means of answering such a question, the analysis give first escort what those who support a further form of feminism might say with regards to the prospect that the future holds and what existing need may still exist for feminism. Once this has been discussed with a level of depth and clarity, the analysis go out then move on to some of the reasons for why such an accession necessarily guarantees that there will be perennial requirements for further feminism deep down the world. Some of these requirements are concentric upon the religious mores that are currently exhibited within the current system whereas others are merely an example of history and the cultural determinism that has helped to do the United States in the way that it is. Finally, the last portion of the analysis will argue the position of the fountain with relation to this issue.Individuals that resist certain types of feminism put forward the un derstanding that the appropriateness of the feminist approach is predicated upon the viewpoints that it espouses. Naturally, some more radical types of feminism do not maximize the interests of women as much as they seek to minimize and demean the role of men throughout society. Within such an understanding, the more free-enterprise(a) versions of feminism can be dispelled as illogical and not worthy of further analysis within this paper. Although this is something of a categorical approach, there are too many types of feminism and too many disparate approaches that do require a level of analysis to spend precious space within this shortened discussion analyzing the more militant versions of this worldview (Valenti, 2012). The underlying reason for focusing upon the more mainstream branches of feminism is predicated upon the fact that it is the vox populi of this author, as well as the near categorical belief of a litany of

Chicano Movement Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Chicano Movement - Essay eventLuis Valdez was a Mexican American who hailed from a family of migrant bring on workers. Valdezs parents, Francisco and Armida Valdez, moved from farm to farm as hired hands where Valdez was also expected to help out in order the check to the big family of 10 children that his parents had. Even though Valdez was expected to both work and read and his schools kept changing, Valdez achieve a strong position for himself as a student excelling in performing arts (Meier, 230). Luis Valdez is the set about of Chicano Theatre. This is because he formed the El Teatro Campesino which served as the first programme for performing arts for the Chicano Movement. Valdezs get by for the performing arts began when his school teacher introduced him to puppet art. Later during his college and university long time, Valdez pursued the love and created his own line of business group. The purpose of this theatre group was to bring the plight of the Mexican Americans t o the forefront. Valdez began working in theatre during his college days at San Jose State College. In 1963, he introduced his first play. The Shrunken Head of Pancho Villa was one play that Valdez direct and wrote during his time in San Jose State College. After leaving college, Valdez went on to join a Mime fellowship based in San Francisco. It was from here that Valdez learned the method of using theatre as a platform for expressing his own pent up anger. It was on the basis of this work that Valdez formed his theatre group in 1965. This was a group that toured different cities and enacted short one-act plays, also known as an actor.

Introduction to mi'kmaq Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Introduction to mikmaq - Essay ExampleThe Mikmaq was semi nomadic. The animals that were largely hunted by Mikmaq were moose, rabbit, porcupine, and deer among animals. They preferred hunting moose since it was utilise as clothing. The genuflect was dried and was worn as clothing garment, the community used the meat as their daily food, and hit the books were used to make tools like forks and other household tools. The weapons that were used for hunting by Mikmaq was curve and arrow, hunting was the major activity of the community and was taught to young men up to their adulthood. Porcupines that were hunted by the men were important to the women since the quills were used as decorative beadwork and this was done by women. Mikmaq used to fish while others would go to the forest to hunt to make a supplement of their food. The community eat all kinds of fish such as lobster, shellfish, and salmon among others. When there was plenty to investment trust they used to store in the gr ound for later consumption.In 1600s, Europe was ru guide by ruthless noblemen who believed in panic attacks to their fellow citizens, the societies believed on establishment of class of populate and the classes were allocated status since they were regarded as the king of the communities, the minority order or tribe had to give measure to the high class of people. The establishment of class system led to introduction of poor people, rich people debtors prisons and even insane group of people. The civilians were suppress by a group of high class people and insecurity was the order of the day since people killed one another without fear. The community was based on Christianity doctrine but the people had no respect to their creator but greed and other evil things were the one given respect. Mikmaq leaders were cognize as great people since they had the ability to speak to the society and be able to convince them and enchant

Drug Development and Toxicology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Drug Development and Toxicology - Essay faceThe Food and Drug Administration (FDA) reports that most of the medicines reported to it do not come with sufficient information. The FDA says that medicate developing companies need to submit information on the compounds that are used to manufacture the medicine, uses of the drug and its cause among other important data. It reports that if companies submitted this kind of information, the drug approval process would be much quicker than the catamenia 8 years that are required. Consequently, it would increase the number of drugs that are clinically approved to enter the mart without any restrictions (Friedhoff, 2009). In the end, this will help save a lot of money as substantially as patients who die in during the approval period. One common reason for the discontinueed approvals is that drug development companies fail to indicate the optimal dosage that a patient should use so as to minimize the listed drug effects as well as any d angers associated with taking the drug. When undergoing the approval process, such a drug will be disqualified from the clinics conducting the trials have no way of knowing the appropriate dosage. FDA also mention that the populations that are sampled during drug development are very contrasting from the population that is meant to use the drug (Zanders, 2011). When clinical trials are being conducted and such an error is noted, the drug is disqualified as having been developed for a different population from the one that its safety tests were conducted on (Friedhoff, 2009).

Letter for Dean (a sort of petition letter) Essay

Letter for Dean (a sort of predication letter) - Essay ExampleI have tried to change my major three snips, but the of import reason I did not succeed was the GPA that I earned from past universities, although the first time I tried to change my major for spring quarter in 2006, my GPA in the Ohio dry land University was over 3.4, but my accumulated GPA, including my scores from KyeMyung University was about 2.7.My chosen career is accountancy, and in order to frame a well-defined accountant, I need to achieve a strong business education from fisher cat College of Business. I have family members and close relatives who have worked as accountants in Korean Internal Revenue attend and other public accounting firms, and I have watched with interest, all the current accounting issues such as Sarbanes Oxley Acts and M&A for many well known companies. I want to become an accountant because I have a deep passion for the profession, and an innate talent for finding mathematical errors and hidden mistakes.I am willing to make sacrifices to realize my ambition to become an accountant, which is being hindered because of my past GPA. My short status goal has been achieving a degree from Fisher College of Business and I intend to later go for a Masters program in Accounting, to complete my education. I feel that an accounting degree from the FCOB will be very useful not only in the United States but also in Korea. Sir I really wish you would consider my application, and I would be very grateful if my request is granted. Yours

Compare and contrast Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 15

Compare and contrast - Essay ExampleThese policies try to block expansion of the Soviet Power and expose falsities of it and to induce a retraction of Kremlins control and foster seeds of destruction in the Soviet System. These policies give power to US where it has military strength. Containment policy maintains strong military power that guarantees the national trade protection and conduct of the policy of containment.2The link suggests that the policies of containment is not implemented properly It has made the country to be in diplomatic impasse with the Soviet Union. The US states that they have the capabilities in economic and military fields and the governmental and psychological fields. The citizens of US believe that with the principle of freedom, importance of the individual and tolerance and are more alert than the ideology of the Soviet dynamism.3It analyzes that the American democracy has a degree of unity where the society is cohesive than the Soviet system that is c reated through force, favor and fear. This means that chances of revolution are less than in the Soviet system. This creates capability for force in international relations where the tolerance for a world outlook has enormous influence.The secondment link The Charge in the Soviet Union (Kennan) to the Secretary of State talk about that how the acold War disrupted the global affairs and divided the 20th-century history.4 It states that Soviet Socialist Realism is disconnected from ascendent narratives and discredited by Soviet systems. It is deemed to have represented the cultural context at the place of time. It thereof functioned as a state apparatus that responded to political and historical realities that guide military and economic initiatives in the Soviet Union.Kennans long-term article written in 1946 gave an incisive annalistic of the Soviet outlooks where it gave the convictions of the Soviet Union ideology of its policy. The Soviet Socialist Realism related first, wit h

National Response Plan on Homeland Security Research Paper

guinea pig Response Plan on Homeland Security - Research report ExampleThe plan emphasized on the handling of all misadventures on the lowest jurisdictional and organizational levels where possible. Thus, the local government had the role of coordinating of incident response at the local level. It also had the rule of communicating the level of the incident to the Department of Homeland Security for determination whether it is of National Significance. An incident of National Significance required the combined effort of the State, Federal, tribal, local, non-governmental entities and private sector to minimize loss of lives, damage and loyal track the recovery process (Miskel, 2006).The triplet major components in this plan were the Emergency Support Function, incident and Support Annexes. To start with, the Emergence Support Function Annexes clearly stated the Federal Agencies responsibility in the coordination of support and management of resources in an emergency situation. Secondly, the Support Annexes highlighted the administrative requirements and functional processes required for the efficient and rough-and-ready implementation of the Plan. Lastly, the Incident Annexes indicated the hazard situations that call for specialized treatment of the Plan (Jenkins & linked States, 2008). In essence, the three components offered a clear mechanism for guiding the response towards an incident at Federal and Local level.Jenkins, W. O., & United States. (2008).National Response Framework FEMA needs policies and procedures to better integrate non-federal stakeholders in the revision process. Washington, D.C U.S. Government office

Van Gogh's Night Cafe Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Van Goghs iniquity Cafe - Essay ExampleI have not been watchful. I pushed them to more vices than I ever so knew and they drove me to insanity with their constant spending until I lost almost everything that I owned. Thankfully, this caf was saved and nowadays serves as my only source of living.How I dislike working at this caf. There is not much(prenominal) to be gained from it plainly what can I do? I literall(a)y lost all my opposite sources of income so here I am, patiently waiting for my customers who have been staying here too long last precisely one bottle of beer or cola. How I despise these drunkards. way at these two peasants. They be as pathetic as their boring lives. They work so hard and now they atomic number 18 just spending their money on cheap wine that makes them noisy and uncivilized. Look at how pitiful they look. They do not have much to offer me for their drinks but I have to be patient with them otherwise, I will have no customers. I want to make the m leave as soon as they can but it is so difficult to speak with them when they are already under the influence of alcohol.Look at that other peasant on the corner. He is as drunk as these two. He has been nod his head on his table for quite awhile now. I think he is already asleep. I should not allow him to sleep in my caf because he is a bad sight to other customers but God knows how helpless I am. I cannot even speak with him to at least go extracurricular to sleep all he wants. I have to keep a good relationship with all my customers in order to keep them coming. Business is not good at this side of Arles. There are only few people who are mainly farmers and tenants. Most of them cannot even afford having fun on a regular basis.Thankfully, there are some decent customers like the two lovers at the back. The adult male is the son of a tenant who worked so hard to put his son to a good coach in the city. He wants to marry a landowners daughter but the old part is not in favor of their relationship.

Organic Food vs. Non Organic Food Essay Example for Free

ingrained Food vs. Non thorough Food EssayIn todays society you walk into a food product chime in and you always have the option of organic or non organic food. There are even grocery stores dedicated to organic foods like Trader Joes, Sprouts and Whole Food market. I personally have foregone organic and will never go back to eating or drinking non organic food. organic food may be pricey but less ductless glands, less cow puss and logical argument in your milk, and less pesticides. The controversies about organic food vs non organic food is it worth it?My answer is degree Celsius percent yes organic is the way to go. The fruits and vegetables you get at a normal grocery store that are non organic have several pesticides on it. According to the daily green, eating organic means avoiding the pesticide symmetricalness left on foods. Though there are mixed reviews on if consuming pesticides hurt your resistive system, pregnant women are taking the cautionary steps on making sure their future pip-squeak will be born healthy and not be exposed to pesticides at an early age.On the Dirty Dozen list, apples are the number 1 food source of 2011, with over 40 cognize pesticides in just 1 apple. Not surprisingly, pesticide residue is alike found in apple succus and apple sauce, making all apple products smart foods to buy organic. Strawberries have over 60 pesticides on it, so while you wash your strawberries remember you are eating pesticide residue remains on those strawberries you bought at the food market. 93% of Americans tested by the CDC had metabolites of chlorpyrifos a nuerotoxic insecticide in their urine.Banned from home use of goods and services because of its risks to children, chlorpyrifos is part of a family of pesticides (organophosphates) linked to ADHD. Women who were exposed to DDT as girls are 5 times more(prenominal) than likely to develop breast cancer, according to Panna. Several people are allergic to the growth hormone far mers put in their animals, but are able to eat organic meats because animals raised organically are not allowed to be fed antibiotics, the bovine human growth hormone (rbGH), or other stylised drugs. Animals are also not allowed to eat genetically modified foods.Organic meat the animals are also killed more humane than non organic animals. The animals are raised in a healthier environment, fed organic feed, and often eat a wider range of nutrients than those raised in factory farms (such as would be the miscue of free-range chickens and ranch cattle). Cbn. com stated, In a recent poll, two-thirds of Americans surveyed stated they would like to be able to equalize organic foods into their budgets. Organic food may cost more but less exposure to spare hormones and pesticides is worth it.Organic is the way to go, lower pesticide levels, more nutrients, no antibiotics, no added growth hormones, and environmental responsibility. Although research findings about benefits of organic produce are not conclusive, it is definite that organic stuff is safer than the produce with traces of pesticides. Organic milk, vegetables and fruits are much more expensive than the non-organic but if you can afford it then go for it. If more people start buying organic food then gradually their prices will gradually serve down.

Effects of Technology on the Hr Function Essay Example for Free

Effects of engineering science on the Hr Function EssayCriti expecty analyse the ways in which the increasing practical application of engineering at work have an pitch upon the HR modus opearned run averagendi. The utilize of applied science within HRM has big considerably within recent years with the majority of large organisations now using engineering science of both(prenominal)(prenominal) form within their HR function (CIPD, 2005). As HR becomes increasingly reliant on applied science it is cardinal to assess its ca intake upon the HR function. Firstly, consideration leave behind be given to definition of call along with a description of the customs of technology within the HR function. Next the change in the grammatical construction of the HR duty that has developed alongside the emerging and growing give of technology will be addressed. The goals of the use of technology which have been afforded a signifi ratt amount of economic aid within the book s will then be outlined along with consideration of the realisation of these goals. In addition, the effect of dual-lane swear out centres, which make signifi adviset use of technology, upon the exercise of HR practitioners will be addressed in adjunction with the views of HR practitioners themselves.Whilst shrimpy attention has been given to the situating of the use of technology in HR within a wider sociological perspective in the academic literature, an look for will be made to consider the effect of technology upon HR within much(prenominal) a debate. Finally, demonstrations will be drawn as to the tinct of the use of technology upon the HR function. It is firstly important to consider what is meant by the use of technology within the HR function. The term e-HRM is frequently apply to refer to the use of technology within the HR function. The use of e-HRM varies enormously within organisations and blankthorn be apply for opposite purposes (Parry et al. 2007). The te rm Human Resource breeding System (HRIS) is in any case utilize to refer to any system that helps an organisation to acquire, store, manipulate, analyse, retrieve and distri neverthelesse discipline approximately an organisations worldkind resources (Tannenbaum, 1990, p.28).However, the use of technology within HR is broader than the use of HRIS and may encompass manager and employee self- dish out, the use of staff intranets and e-enabled figure outes much(prenominal) and recruitment and performance centering amongst others (Reilly, 2012). It is acknowl environd that near current research focuses on the more recent developments in web-based technology, collectively referred to as social media technologies or Web 2.0 (see Reddington, 2012). However, the use of Web 2.0 is outwith the focus of this discussion. HRIS was originally used for standardising the gathering of information about(predicate) and for employees (Kovach et al. 2002). However, the use of HRIS has sub sequently developed and is now used more broadly for purposes such as recruitment and selection, development and development, administration of flexible benefits and performance appraisal (Grensing-Pophal, 2001) or to manage HR and employee information across the intact employment cycle (Parry et al. 2007).Technology has also been increasingly associated with incarnateing integrated call centres, shared avail centres and the use of manager and employee self- serving (CIPD, 2007). There is a great emphasis in the literature about the emf goals of e-HRM (Marler, 2009 Ruel, Bondarouk and Looise, 2004). However, thither has been less emphasis on whether these goals have been realised in reality (Parry and Tyson, 2011 Strohmeier, 2007). alongside the development and increasing use of technology is the development and changing role of the HR function itself. traditionally the HR function has been seen as being a largely administrative function, focussed on administrative processes s uch as the maintenance of employee and payroll records (CIPD, 2007). It would step forward that in its search for identity and the resulting proposed need for displacement of the function (Ulrich, 1997), HR has made use of technology to attempt to facilitate this duty period (Shirvastava and Shaw, 2003).Ulrich (1997) has argued that HRM should become a strategicalal concern collaborator, in addition to performing roles as administrative expert, change agent and employee champion. It has been suggested that the use of technology within the HR function may create the opportunity for HR to become more strategic by freeing up time through the automation of many administrative tasks (Parry et al. 2007). The preparedness of accurate and detailed information available through the use of HRIS could also enable HR practitioners to follow up on in a more strategic role as such data could be used to inform managerial decisions. The move to impertinently help delivery models of HR an d the development of technology fecal matter be seen as interdependent as without increasingly sophisticated technology the various atoms of HR service delivery may non be as effective (Reddington, 2012).Drivers for introduction of technology can be draw as being operational, relational or transformational (Kettley and O Reilly, 2003 Snell, Stueber and Lepak, 2002) Operational goals can be described as having a focus on reducing the administrative burden of HR and cost effectiveness, whilst enhancing the true statement of data relational goals relate to improving services for internal customers due to reported low levels of happiness with the HR function (Kyprianou, 2008) and transformational goals address the strategic aims of the vexation (Lepak and Snell, 1998 Martin et al. 2008). These drivers of e-HRM can be seen as addressing either transactional or transformational goals (Martin et al. 2008). Transactional goals relate to operational efficiencies or improved service de livery. There is talk of liberating HR through technology (Shirvastava and Shaw 2003) although this strong statement is qualified by the requirement that it informates as opposed to automates HR processes.The distinction amid automating and informating is made by Zuboff (1988) whereby automating relates to increasing efficiency through computerising work processes and procedures with decreasing dependence on human skills. In contrast, informating refers to increasing effectiveness through acquiring information by using information technology and using that information to create new knowledge. Automating could be seen as relating to addressing operational goals whereas informating could potentially address the relational and transformational goals through provision of information to inform decisions and strategy. Despite the attention to the promise of technology in transforming the HR function, much less attention has been given to the allude of technology on the HR function and w hether or non the highly prized strategic orientation of HR has been achieved (Lepak and Snell, 1998, Shrivastava and Shaw, 2003).Studies that relate to whether e-HRM is achieving its operational goals provide some flux results (Strohmeier, 2007). In practice it would appear that HRIS is having a slightly ameliorate (but not statistically significant) contact in areas of information processing, for example improving the speed that information is available and the quality of the information available than in economic basis, such as reducing headcount, lowering operational costs and improving productivity and favourableness (CIPD, 2005). However, within this survey, in a third of cases the reduction in administrative burden was less than was to be expected. Stronger support for the operational move of e-HRM comes from analysis of 10 case studies by Parry et al. (2007) which showed that technology can lead to faster and more efficient processes, greater verity and consistency as well as a reduction in costs. A number of other studies also provide some order of the impact of technology on operational efficiency (Marler, 2009 Ruel, Bondarouk and Looise, 2004 Ruta, 2005).However, it may be that some caution necessarily to be exercised in drawing conclusions on the impact of e-HRM in this area as it may be that the efficiencies achieved within the HR function are simply move elsewhere within the organisation as the responsibility for some tasks is moved from HR to line managers or employees (Ruel, Bondarouk and Looise, 2004). There is some positive say for the relational impact of e-HRM, notably improvements in HR service delivery achieved through the increased accuracy of data or by simplification of processes (Gardener, Lepak and Bartol, 2003). However, the relational impact of e-HRM appears to have been granted little attention in the literature (Strohmeir, 2007). Whether technology has led to a transformational impact on the HR function appears til no w less clear than the impact it has had on transactional processes.Despite the identification by many organisations of transformational drivers being important in the adoption of e-HR (Watson Wyatt, 2002 Yeung and Brockbank, 1995) it would seem that the issue of whether e-HRM supports a transformation of the HR function into a strategic business partner is only parenthetically addressed (Strohmeir, 2007, p.28). Indeed, Bondarouk and Ruel (2009, p.508) state organisations are definitely silent about whether their HR departments become more strategic with e-HRM. Where evidence is presented it is contradictory in nature. It would seem that in some cases technology has not led to a more strategic orientation of the HR function and has been used mainly for automating operational processes (Burbach and Dundon, 2005 Dery, Grant and Wiblen, 2009 Kinnie and Arthurs, 1993 Tansley et al. 2001). Indeed, Broderick and Boudreau (1992) found that most organisations have only used technology to sup port a narrow range of administrative decisions, resulting in efficiencies in managing information but that the potential competitive advantage of technology has not been exploited.In contrast, other studies have offered some evidence that e-HRM has supported the strategic integration of HR with business strategy (Olivas-Lujan, Ramirez and Zapata-Cantu, 2007 Ruel, Bondarouk and Looise, 2004 Teo, Soon and Fedric, 2001) More recent research has provided some anecdotic evidence for a move towards a more strategic role (Parry and Tyson, 2011) although the evidence supporting the transformational impact compared with the operational and relational appeared to be the weakest. It would appear that there is far greater attention in the literature to the potential for e-HRM to have an impact in the three areas outlined above than there is accorded to the actual outcomes (Shrivastava and Shaw, 2003 Strohmeir, 2007). The shakeup of the HR function and the introduction of shared service centr es appears to have had an impact on numbers of on-the-spot(prenominal) HR staff and a reduction in the number of HR staff to employees (Francis and Keegan, 2006).The operation of such shared service centres relies on technology that is characterised by formalisation, routinisation and centralisation resulting in an impact on staffing of such centres, which require specialised but generally low level HR administrators (Martin and Reddington, 2009). Research that addresses the issue of how HR practitioners have viewed the increasing use of technology appears to be limited to date. There is evidence that some practitioners may view the use of technology and an associated increase in the use of shared service centres cautiously because it has resulted in a reduction of face-to-face relationships, which is often the reason individuals cite for choosing a career in HR (Francis and Keegan, 2006). Martin and Reddington (2009) suggest that the significant role of technology within shared se rvice centres will lead to a lowering of the status of those employed in such environments especially when compared to the status of HR business partners. It is argued that there is a risk of deskilling within the administrative function of HR and that staff may be restrain to more routine tasks where they had previously had a wider role (Reilly, 2000).It is also suggested that within shared service centres different skills may be required and staff may be employed who have customer service skills but who do not necessarily have a background in HR as technical knowledge can be learned whereas the right attitudes may be harder to learn (Parry et al. 2007 Reilly, 2000). In addition to this, there is evidence that suggests that there a perception amongst HR practitioners of an increasing distance among those at the top and bottom of the career ladder and that people from outwith the HR function are saltation into the top jobs (Francis and Keegan, 2006). This effect could possibly be explained by the requirement of new areas of expertise, such as technical, consultancy and foresee management skills (Parry and Tyson, 2011), which may require developing within HR practitioners and could possibly result in recruiting from removed the profession.Indeed a number of reports emphasise the skills of HR staff as a significant breastwork to transformation of the HR function (see Reilly, 2012). The debate on the use of technology within HRM can also be situated within a wider sociological perspective. Whilst the sociological literature appears to focus mainly on the use of technology within manufacturing environments or of computerisation in general as opposed to within the HR function an attempt to situate the effect of technology upon HR could be made in terms of attempting to assess the effect upon the organisation of the function and the impact on the level of skills required. The attempts to understand the impact of technology upon the organisation of work have re sulted in divergent views. The debate focuses mainly on two debate views. The managerialist and essentially optimistic perspective associated with writers such as Blauner (1964) argues that the application of technology will render old routine and more manual jobs and create more masterly and complex opportunities resulting in an overall effect of upskilling, along with organisations characterised by decentralised structures, reduction in hierarchy, increased worker autonomy and a prevalence of knowledge workers (for example, Attewell, 1992 Piore and Sabel, 1984)Such analysis suggests that in the earlier phases of industrialisation advances in technology tended to reduce skills and undervalue work but that more recent technological developments have had the opposite effect. Examination of the increasing use of technology and its impact on skills levels has provided some evidence for a raising of skills levels (Daniel, 1987, Gaillie, 1991) In contrast, push process theorists ha ve argued that technological changes have a degrading effect on work and result in deskilling of the labour process and reduced worker autonomy, with a centralised, neo-Taylorist form of organisation, with separation of conception from execution (for example, Braverman, 1974 Zimbalist, 1979). The issues of the working out of non-manual work and the apparent rising skills levels as suggested by formal skills gradings are not inconsistent with the labour process perspective (Gaillie, 1991) who argues that non-manual work has undergone a major transformation, resulting in work that is increasingly routinized and mechanised (supported by the increase in office automation).From such a perspective non-manual workers are no longer accorded their comparatively privileged position and are now accorded a similar level of skills as manual workers. have for the process of deskilling can be found in many analyses of the effects of computerised technology (Meiksins, 1994) Analysis of the comme nce of employees within the call centre environment emphasises the process of deskilling (Desai, 2010) which is described by Taylor and Bain (1999, p.109) as a speckle of an assembly-line in the head. The impacts of such call centre roles are often high turnover place and high levels of absence (Ackroyd, Gordon-Dseagu and Fairhurst, 2006) and the effect on employees is outlined by Rose and Wright (2005, pp.156-157) low skilled call centre jobs allied with high levels of technological and management controls do not contribute towards employee well-being and gaiety This account of the impact of technology resonates with the description above of shared service centres whose result has been the deskilling of the administrative function of HR and the recruitment of those who do not have a background in HR (Martin and Reddington, 2009 Reilly, 2000).However, whilst it could be argued that a labour process perspective accounts for the effects of technology on some aspects of the HR funct ion, it does not address the effect on the function as a whole as it does not appear to account for the strategic end of the spectrum, where it seems that business partner roles are accorded status and prestigiousness along with intimately increased salaries (Francis and Reddington, 2006). The role of business partners cannot easily be reconciled with the notion of deskilling. There has been a propensity to view the classification of either upskilling or deskilling as too simplistic and some writers have moved away from this conceptualisation of work by postulating that instead there is an increasing polarisation of the workforce in terms of skill level with at one end, highly skilled workers with high levels of autonomy and at the other end a lower skilled sector characterised by an intensification of work through deskilling and management control (Edwards, 1979), who can be dispensed if surplus to requirements (Berger and Piore, 1981).This polarisation of the workplace appears to be a better reflection of the changing HR function with the autonomous business partner role, with the accompanying perception of a high level of skill and status at one end of the spectrum and at the opposite end, the shared service centre roles characterised by routine and deskilling. In relation to professional work, there is some agate line that professionals have not been adversely affected by computerisation and continue to be accorded high status and prestige (Friedson, 1984, 1986). In contrast, it is argued that technology may have differing effects on professionals, depending on the relative status of the profession and on the status of individuals within the profession (Burris, 1998). It is argued that alongside polarisation of the workplace, there tends to be poorer career prospects for non-expert workers (Baran, 1987 Hodson, 1988) with higher(prenominal) level posts being filled from outwith the organisation (Hodson, 1988 Burris 1983,a,b)This issue within HR is highl ighted by Reilly (2000) who suggests that there may be less opportunity for career development if lower level staff do not build the experience that they would gain in more generalist roles in traditional HR functions. As stated earlier, there also appears to be a perception that the higher status business partner roles are at least(prenominal) sometimes being filled not just from outwith the organisation but from outwith the HR profession (Francis and Reddington, 2006). Whilst the issue of the impact of technology upon the HR function appears to have been given little attention within research (Lepak and Snell, 1998 Shrivastava and Shaw, 2003) it would seem that what discussion there has been relates mainly to the promise of technology in transforming the HR function and facilitating a more strategic orientation.The reality of the impact of technology in achieving an impact in operational, relational and transformational areas is much less clear although evidence would suggest tha t the greatest impact is in achieving operational efficiencies. Alongside the development of the use of technology has been the reorganisation of the HR function. Although there has been little attempt to consider the impact of technology from a sociological perspective, it can be argued that the increasing use of technology, which has been used to support the shared service centre model may be resulting in a deskilling of an element of the HR profession and reducing career development paths for some practitioners. In addition, there appears to be a change in skills viewed as necessary within this function, with a focus on customer service skills as opposed to specialist HR knowledge. In contrast, although the evidence for a transformational impact of technology upon HR is weaker and more contradictory, there would appear to be a perception of a higher status role in the business partner, with accordingly higher remuneration, thus demonstrating a polarisation of the HR function in t erms of both skills and status.However, this reorganisation of the HR function and the development of a more strategic orientation, which it is argued can be facilitated by the increasing use of technology, although being seen as having an upskilling effect on those in a more strategic role could be argued as achieving the opposite effect if the result is recruiting from outwith the profession. This could leave HR professionals in a precarious position in terms of career and skill development, which could at least in part be attributed to the effect of technology as without increasingly sophisticated technology the new models of service delivery may not be possible or at least may not be as effective.Whilst, a lack of academic attention to the actual impact of technology on the HR function requires that caution is exercised in drawing conclusions, the tendency to focus on the potential impact of technology could be followed in suggesting that the potential of technology in facilitat ing the move to a transformation of the HR function may be to tend towards a degradation of the HR profession, with low skilled staff employed in shared service centres and more highly skilled and valued business partners being recruited from outwith the HR profession. However, without significant further research in the area, in particular on the impact of technology and the accompanying change in service delivery models upon the career paths and development opportunities for HR practitioners, this conclusion remains just a potential.ReferencesAckroyd, K., Gordon-Dseagu, V. and Fairhurst, P. (2006) Well-being and call centres, Institute of Employment Studies, Brighton online. purchasable at http//www.employment-studies.co.uk/pdflibrary/mp69.pdf (Accessed twenty-first November 2012) Attewell, P. (1992) Skill and occupational changes in U.S. manufacturing in Technology and the future of work, P.S. Adler, New York, Oxford University Press. Baran, B. (1987) The technological transform ationof white collar work, in Computer chips and paper clips, vol 2, H. Hartmaan, ed., Washington DC, National Academy Press. Berger, S. and Piore, M. (1981) Dualism and discontinuity in industrial societies, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press. Blauner, R. (1964) Alienation and freedom, Chicago, IL, University Chicago Press Bondarouk, T.V. and Ruel, H.J.M. (2009) Electronic human resource management challenges in the digital era, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 20 (3), pp. 505-514. online. Available at http//ezproxy.napier.ac.uk2343/doi/pdf/10.1080/09585190802707235 (Accessed 10th November 2012) Braverman, H. (1974) attention and Monopoly Capital, New York, Monthly Review Press Broderick, R. and Boudreau, J.W. (1992) Human resource management, information technology and the competitive edge, Academy of Management Perspectives, 6 (2), pp. 7-17. online. Available at http//ezproxy.napier.ac.uk2334/docview/210521060/fulltextPDF/13A99A5CA0029773271/6?accountid =16607 (Accessed 21st November 2012) Burbach, R. and Dundon, T. (2005) The strategic potential of human resource information systems Evidence from the Republic of Ireland, International Employment Relations Review, 11 (1/2), pp. 97-117. online. Available at http//search.informit.com.au/documentSummarydn=164472644509297res=IELBUS (Accessed 21st November 2012) Burris, B.H. (1983a) No room at the top, New York, PraegerBurris, B.H. (1998) Computerisation of the workplace, Annual Review of Sociology, 24, pp. 141-157. online. Available at http//ezproxy.napier.ac.uk2334/docview/199730349/fulltextPDF/13A94B0278177DBCD7E/8?accountid=16607 (Accessed 10th November 2012) CIPD (2005) People management and technology progress and potential, London, CIPD. CIPD (2007) HR and Technology beyond delivery, London, CIPD Daniel, W.W. (1987) Workplace industrial relations and technological change, London, Frances Pinter. Dery, K., Grant, D. and Wiblen, S. (2009) Human resource information systems (HRIS) r eplacing or enhancing HRM, piece presented at the 15th World Congress of the International Industrial Relations Association. online Available athttp//sydney.edu.au/business/__data/assets/pdf_file/0003/72273/IIRA_Dery_et_al_HRIS_Replacing_or_enhancing_HRM_final.pdf (accessed 10th November 2012)

Solving problems and making decisions Essay Example for Free

Solving puzzles and devising decisions EssayBackgroundAs the header Phlebotomist at the RDE Wonford site I oversee the day to day stretch forthning and supervision of 32 members of module. 20 mental faculty members atomic number 18 contracted, working between 12 and 37.5 hours per week and the remainder be bank workers working on an ad-hoc basis when requisite. periodical we take away a minimum of 15 phlebotomists working throughout the site. The role of the phlebotomist is in the main to obtain note samples from in affected roles and out endurings as requested by the doctors and clinical staff. To do this, requests ar placed on an order communication system k without delayn to us as Med way of life. To access Medway every phlebotomist has their own laptop computer computer inst whollyed onto a port open trolley which is then wheeled from ward to ward. A daily minimum of 12 laptops require a WiFi signal to operate whilst the remaining 3 laptops atomic number 18 continuously s pedagogy wired into static modem ports. The department has a total of 19 laptop packages.Present Situation (Analysis of the line of work)A daily bother facing the phlebotomy team is with training technology. This involves computer hardw be, bundle and human nature. hardware The laptops are make up of a package which includes the laptop itself, the primary and secondary batteries required to enable it to proceed wireless(prenominal)ly for the 4 hour tack worked, the small label printers required to print patient come acrossing labels for to severally(prenominal) one blood sample bottle and the chargers for both the laptop and the printer. Each of these laptop packages were purchased in 2011. Some components are now beginning to fail owing to their age, the heavy apply they get and occasionally because they gather in not been treat or reckoned after as per the recommended suppliers guidelines. When one of the elements of these packages fails it declar es the whole package unusable.Software Each laptop has a minimum of Medway and WiFi package loaded to enable the phlebotomists to carry out their work. WiFi is dependent on m any(prenominal) contributing factors to enable it to operate satisfactorily. These have beenconfirmed by the operating systems department deep down the RDE and include physical obstructions, network diverge and distance between devices, signal interference and restrictions, signal communion usage and load, poorly deployed antennas and the local environment (4Gon, 2014). All of these stooge and do affect the performance of each laptop ca victimisation them to slow down signifi muckletly and occasionally freeze and stop working altogether. Medway is in addition a very slow running programme which causes delays.Human nature The phlebotomy team range in age from 23 to 69. Their ability to use I.T equipment is vast in range. Many of the phlebotomists has difficulties resolving power I.T issues that some othe rs may find simple, for example changing passwords and logging into programmes. More complex issues that a phlebotomist may experience include identifying a WiFi issue or why a screen has frozen and how to rectify this. A lack of patience, understanding and confidence from the Phlebotomists is a restricting factor as this a good deal causes additional problems when false icons or buttons are pressed in frustration. If a phlebotomist is unable to operate every element of their laptop package for any of the above reasons they are then unable to continue their job until the problem is crock upd. This a lot means a single phlebotomist will have stopped working for around 30 legal proceeding each cartridge holder a problem occurs.This delay causes an impact on their colleagues both physically and on esprit de corps. It withal has an impact on the patients who will have a delay on having their blood interpreted and tested which, in some circumstances, may mean further procedures or discussions are delayed or in exceptional circumstances, cancelled. By solving this problem the phlebotomists would be able to carry out their duties with more than confidence. supply morale would be much high as they would have equipment fit for purpose they could use without any issues. there would be no delays in patient treatment meaning the flow of patient care would be uninterrupted. There would be less time spent radio linking the I.T go desk to cover up problems which would dress their workload. If this problem is not resolved the department will have no working I.T equipment.Staff morale reduces which promotes frustration, conflict and sickness within the team putting pressure on the good we supply. The RDE Foundation entrust has created acontingency plan (Appendix A) which would be implemented to promise the service did not stop as this is not an option. Testing blood is a compulsory part of diagnosis and treatment. The contingency would include using paper forms to record blood sample requests although this would create a significant impact on the labs, cause further delays and more staff would be required to fuck the workload adding financial pressure. The process would also be open to patient identification errors causing affirmable fatal errors in diagnosis and treatment. A contingency plan is a very short term work around it is not a solution.Investigation and identification of possible solutions to the problem Phlebotomists regularly contact me to complain about a big range of IT problems. To begin accurately identifying and logging the problems concerned I created a small questionnaire (Appendix B) and asked each phlebotomist to complete it with as much development as possible each time a problem occurred. These were complete and collected over a period of 1 month to capture as many types of problems as possible. This information is then collated onto a sp realisesheet (Appendix C). From this I identified how the main prob lems are grouped into the following categoriesHardware Faulty printersSoftware Medway errors, Wifi errors, Screen errors, Windows security errors Human Password errors, Generic log in errors, Wifi errors, Screen errorsTable 1 Shows the types of problems, the frequency and the category based on the information collated. promptly from the information gathered I can see that many problems cross multiple categories. Out of the 19 laptops and users 47% have experienced problems with 26% experiencing more than one problem across multiple categories. There were 15 problems identified which could have been caused by either category. The amount of possible causes equals 27 across all categories. The highest amount of problems are possibly caused by software issues at 44%, human problems follow at 33% and hardware problems at 22%. On add up 47% of laptops with problems that have 27 possible causes a meanaverage of 3.37 problems experienced each over the 1 month period.The mode average of people experiencing the same problem irrespective of the cause is 2. The median average of all problems experienced regardless of the cause is also 2. Solutions to resolving these problems would be to counterchange or repair existing ageing hardware and to retain a small level of equipment items such as batteries and chargers in nisus for immediate second-stringer. substitution or updating existing software programmes. A solution to resolve the human grouping of problems is staff training.Problems that require help from the IT service desk will be their responsibility although, the generic log in problem could be avoided with staff training. By reporting these problems to the I.T service desk we can ask more specialised engineers to look into why, specifically, the WiFi regularly fails. A solution to the software grouping of problems is harder to find as the trust has purchased software that it feels is sufficient for its purpose. Staff training could help with some problems ex perienced in this area.Evaluation of possible solutionsI have chosen to use the Benefit Cost analysis (CBA) tool (Jules Dupuit 1804-1866) to evaluate the solution options as followsReplace or repair existing ageing hardware and stocking replacement itemsBenefitCostStaff morale would ontogeny if equipment is fit for purpose.Sickness absences due to straining would decrease legal transfer money on replacement bank staff.The department would be able to make use of all the equipment available to them specifically during busier periods and for staff training.The equipment would be safe.Smaller faulty items could be replaced immediately maintaining continuity of use.Delays on taking and interrogation samples would reduce resulting in a couple of(prenominal) or no delays with patient treatment/procedures.Phlebotomists would not privation to contact the I.T service desk as a great deal so lessen their workload.Contingency plan would not need to be implemented saving time, money, st aff stress and treatment delays. Sickness absences have financial and health implications to other phlebotomists and the department.The department has a total of 19 laptop packages. The financial cost to replace all the equipment would run into thousands of pounds which we do not have the budget for. The I.T service desk engineers are not perpetually able to resolve problems immediately and can some time take several weeks owing to their workloads.Suppliers are not always able to provide replacement equipment.If we retain a small number of replacement items it would be the responsibility of the conduct Phlebotomist to identify which item is faulty and if it could be repaired first adding to their workload.Lack of space to store additional replacement equipment.Replacing or updating existing software programmesBenefitCostStaff morale would increase if software is fit for purpose.Confidence would increase boosting interest and competence.Sickness absences due to stress would decreas e saving money on replacement bank staff.Delays on taking and testing samples would reduce resulting in few or nodelays with patient treatment/procedures.Phlebotomists would not need to contact the I.T service desk as often diminution their workload.Contingency plan would not need to be implemented saving time, money, staff stress and treatment delays. Sickness absences have financial and health implications to other phlebotomists and the department.The I.T service desk engineers are not always able to resolve problems immediately and can somemultiplication take several weeks owing to their workloads.Software programmes are purchased by the trust and cannot be replaced easily. WiFi is implemented through the whole trust and is so widespread its not wanton to identify where the problem may have started.Time and funding is required to enable the systems teams to identify what area of software is causing the problem and resolve it.Disruption to ward areas whilst investigations are c arried out.Staff TrainingBenefitCostPhlebotomists would be more confident in identifying problems and resolving them meliorate competence, interest and morale and reducing sickness absences.The delays in time taken resolving problems would reduce making phlebotomists more efficient and cost effective.Phlebotomists would not need to contact the I.T service desk as often reducing their workload.Delays on taking and testing samples would reduce resulting in few or nodelays with patient treatment/procedures. Time take away from everyday duties to attend training for trainers and trainees.Reducing the confidence of some phlebotomists who arent computer literate and may feel pressured into attending training above their ability.Some problems are planetary and happen infrequently meaning phlebotomists are likely to forget how to resolve them.Overall, the overwhelming gather in finding a solution is to experience there is minimal or no delay in the treatment of a patient. Using the co st/benefit analysis (CBA) I feel the first menstruate of action to resolving this problem would be to implement staff training. Although the benefits only just out way the costs 4 to 3 my reason for this is that we would see faster results as it could be implemented immediately with less personal and financial cost than replacing or repairing existing hardware or software as detailed in the CBA. There would be regular time needed away from normal duties, maybe up to 1 hour per month per phlebotomist and trainer. This could be incorporated into their regular hours at quieter times or bank staff could be used to cover the minimum time requirement. Although it is difficult to attend an exact financial cost saving I believe that it is fair to assume that as less people and equipment would be involved in implementing staff training the financial burden would also be less.Also, as detailed in the CBA, phlebotomists would be more confident in identifying problems and could become more c ommensurate and interested in resolving them themselves. This would mean an immediate resolution in some circumstances reducing time wasted especially when contacting the I.T service desk. Secondly I would look at replacing or updating existing hardware and stocking replacement items. Although in the CBA the benefits out way the costs 8 to 6 the benefits are expensive. Stocking replacement items such as batteries and chargers is almost an essential although each battery is in surplus of 90 and each charger up to 60. I believe it would be reasonable to only stock a couple of each at a time. This would enable any of the more easily similar faulty items identified to be replaced immediately without further delays.The more complex laptop faults would still need to bedirected to the I.T service desk. These will take longer to resolve and would involve input from an I.T engineer. I can see from appendix c that some faults are still on-going from before October 2014 when the information in the spreadsheet was collated. Finally in resolving this problem I would look at replacing or updating existing software programmes. The CBA aims the benefits are equal to the costs. The reason I have put this sustain is mainly because the decision surrounding the purchase of software is made at a much higher management level. Because of this I have no influence over its capability nor do I have the power or expertise to recommend an alternative.Although issues regarding problems or faults within a software programme are encouraged to be reported it is much more likely that the programme will not be replaced for some time owing to contracts and fixes are only possible if the supplier is able to do so. We can log all software/WiFi problems to the I.T service desk. I believe these calls are then passed to the systems reward team for resolving either themselves or via an external source. Software programmes are costly and, I believe, often purchased with a minimum contract term m aking them the most difficult and expensive thing to replace or update when looking at resolving my problem.Recommend implementation plan to solve the problemThe following is a table of events detailing what needs to be done. It plans how decisions will be communicated, by whom and by when. This helps to identify the order in which steps need to be taken to resolve issues and time frames to ensure efficiency.What has to be done?Who is responsible and/or involved?How will this be communicated?When should it be done?What is needed?Monitoring/review discuss the requirements of the phlebotomy service with I.T and explain the importance of rapid resolutions. calculate phlebotomist, Phlebotomy manager, I.T helpdesk manager, service engineers Head phlebotomist to range and conduct a meeting with I.T with clear expectations of what is required. By the eighteenthNovember 2014.All involved to attend the meeting. Minutes to be taken.Head phlebotomist to arrange a follow up meeting 1 month l ater to review if expectations have been acknowledged and in progress. Order a minimum of 2 of each laptop and printer batteries and chargers for stock. Head phlebotomist to get authorisation and budget statute from Phlebotomy manager Head phlebotomist to email I.T with relevant information.TodayBudget code for funding. Approximately 420.00Head phlebotomist to email I.T on 18.11.14 if these items have not arrived and confirm delivery date. Delivery expected by 30.11.14 Discuss ongoing issues and communicate outcome of I.T meeting to the phlebotomy team. Head phlebotomist, Phlebotomists and Phlebotomy managerHead phlebotomist to arrange and chair a department meeting. Immediately after the I.T meeting has been completed. End of a morning shift 11.30am All phlebotomists working that day to be present. Minutes to be taken. Overtime may need to be paid if meeting goes beyond contracted hours at 12pm Deputy head phlebotomists to check that the minutes have been signed off by all phlebo tomists within 1 week of the department meeting. All ongoing issues to continue to be logged.PhlebotomistsQuestionnaires (appendix B) to be completed dailyDailyDeputy head phlebotomist to maintain a good supply of questionnaires. Time within shift to complete them. Head phlebotomist to review these daily and report to I.T service desk immediately if unable to resolve. All problems identified to be logged by Head even if resolved. Phlebotomists, Head phlebotomist, I.T engineersI.T service desk form on intranet to be completed by Head phlebotomist or telephone I.T service desk if urgent.As and when issues occurTime. If resolved by Head phlebotomist then explanation/training given to phlebotomist to show how. If resolved by engineer then explanation of how to see if Head could resolve in future. Daily conversation and email between phlebotomist, Head phlebotomist and engineer to ensure problem permanently resolved or in the process of being resolved. unceasing monthly training with ph lebotomists on how to look after equipment and easy steps on identifying and possibly resolving reasonably simple issues.Head phlebotomist, phlebotomists, I.T engineersHead phlebotomist to arrange and chair a team meeting to discuss requirements and identify any one to one training. 3rd Wednesday morning of each month before start of shift at 7.50am. Time to complete the meeting and any training required. Head and deputy head phlebotomist to be competent and confident in I.T to answer questions and go to with training. Head and deputy head phlebotomists to liaise with any team member that had questions or needed training within 2 days of the meeting to ensure phlebotomist is now confident and understands how to resolve some issues.Regular feedback to relevant areas regarding outcome of each stage above Phlebotomists, Head, phlebotomy manager, I.T engineers, systems engineers, sick managers Head phlebotomist to email phlebotomy manager, I.T and systems engineers with clear concerns or positives. 5.3.15, 5.7.15, 5.11.15 (quarterly) or more often if problems persist. Time to construct the email. Contact details for each person. Relevant constructive feedback including any positive information. Head to ensure email has been received by requesting read receipt and that any actions required from previous quarterly email have been completed or in progress. Any new actions must also be acknowledged.I have also transferred the above information on to a Gantt chart to help monitor and review my implementation plan. This is because the relation of task to time is more immediately obvious and very simple to follow.There are ways in which this can be reviewed using the CPA (Critical care path analysis) or PERT (Program evaluation and review technique). The benefit of using CPA within the planning process is to help you develop and test your plan to ensure that it is robust. CPA formally identifies taskswhich must be completed on time for the whole project to be completed on time. It also identifies which tasks can be delayed if resource needs to be reallocated to follow up on missed or overrunning tasks. PERT is a variation on Critical roadway Analysis that takes a slightly more realistic view of time estimates made for each project stage. Often tasks are given unreasonable time frames and this option allows flexibility (Mindtools, 2014). Monitoring and review techniques that are appropriate for my problem include meetings and questionnaires.Team meetings held monthly within the phlebotomy department wll ensure that each member of staff remains confident and competent in their role to assist in resolving the problems that we all experience. Staff will be able to ask questions regarding their concerns and abilities and the head and deputy phlebotomists will be able to identify specific needs that they can help to build up. It should be easy to identify phlebotomists who are struggling with their problems if they are experiencing the same issues re gularly however with monthly support these should decrease. Department meetings held with the I.T service desk and engineers every quarter will ensure they are aware of the significance of the problem and the need for it to be resolved as efficiently as possible.I.T will be made aware of the impact of the problem if there are delays in resolving the problem for example ultimately the delay in patient diagnosis, treatment or discharge home. I.T will also have the opportunity to advise if the amount of calls made to them by phlebotomists has reduced. They will be able to explain the progress in resolving a problem and why there may be delays or recurrences.They can also advise of expected dates and times of resolutions. Questionnaires (appendix B) completed daily detailing problems would also be a good way of monitoring and reviewing the problem. I would envisage in 2 months the problems detailed on the questionnaires should become less frequent and severe realistically reducing to pr oblems only fixable by I.T engineers. Phlebotomists will be able to explain what has happened, if they have tried to resolve it using techniques they have gained in their training and reasons why they may have or have not worked.

I.T and Hauhaus Essay Example for Free

I.T and Hauhaus EssayAs they argon the competitor within the commercialize, the retailing strategies to be ingestiond argon similar. Therefore, it is easier to collect and compare the monetary information and draw egress the conclusion to reveal which comp any would be worthier to invest. The report covers the telephoner and fabrication background, ratio analysis, future forecast of cardinal companies transaction. 2)Company Background Bauhaus (0483, HK) Bauhaus was found in 1991. It has been listed on HKEX stock market place since 2005. There are more than 200 retails store and over corners and point of sales in Hong Kong, Macau ,mainland chinaware and Taiwan,. Apart from interchange distinct unusual fall guy, liked Cheap Monday, G-Star, EVISU etc. Bauhaus also building the topical anaesthetic brand liked Salad, T Tough Jeansmith and 80/20. It is a leading retail store in selling casual wear, particularly for jeans item. There are 234 Bauhaus shops in Asia. Using the wholesale strategy, Bauhaus can expand the vexation from Asia to Western country. In the future, it may diversify its crossway line like launch more foreign brand to increase its competiveness. I. T (0999, HK) I. T was found in November of 1988. It has been listed on HKEX stock market since 2005.The base has an extensive self managed retail network extending to intimately 450 stores across Greater China with staff round 4,800. The brands are well accepted in Thailand, Saudi Arabia, Australia, the Philippines and France. More stores will be opened in these places in the future. The feature of I. T retail store is group several brands in a tidy retail location. It owns a number of in-house brands liked 5CM, fingercroxx and X-large, as well as distributing European and Japanese precedents brands such(prenominal) as French Connection and A Bathing Ape Comme des Garcons, DG, etc. 3)Industry OutlookHong Kong is one of the fashion hubs in Asia. There are a wind variety of topical anesthetic and international fashion brand locate there flagship store in Hong Kong. The competitive is dynamic and incentive. Hong Kong consumers are willing to spend specie on fashion and clothing. As the buy power of is senior high(prenominal)(prenominal), so the get hold of of fashion product is long. According to CIA THE WORLD FACTBOOK, this entry gives the gross domestic product (GDP) or foster of all final goods and services produced within a nation in a given year. From this moderate, Hong Kong is be to 37 after compared to 227 countries in the year of 2010.According to the information from Asia Case Research Centre (ACRC), it shows that retail is the 2nd largest sector in the service intentness that accounted for 85. 7% of Hong Kongs GDP. Also, The Census and Statistics Department (CSD) indicate that the grade of total retail sales in October 2011, provisionally estimated at $34. 2 billion, increased by 23. 1% over a year earlier. Analyzed by broad type of retail outlet and comparing October 2011 with October 2010, wearing apparel increase 14. 6% footwear, allied products and other clothing accessories increase 11. 3%.This data proofs that the demand of fashion items is huge and purchasing power in this region is relatively high. Besides, tourists come to Hong Kong are increasing each year they bring with high purchase power in fashion items, especially those Chinese tourists. According to the statistics released by the Immigration Department, about 800,000 to 900,000 Mainland visitors travel to Hong Kong monthly. It shows that Hong Kongs market has a huge potential development chance. According the data of Hong Kong government, the sales revenue of retailing military control has a produce during April of 20010 to Feb of 2011.It is because the economic environment is better than past year. Hong Kongs GDP fell in 2009 as a result of the global pecuniary crisis, but a reco very began in third quarter 2009, and the preservatio n grew nearly 6. 8% in 2010. In addition, Chinas providence harvest-tide fast, the performance of its thriftiness produce is considerableer than the other country. And Hong Kongs economy is influenced by China very a lot. In the future, we can see that Hong Kongs retailing fear will growth rapidly. It seems a heavy(p) chance to develop the retail business however, there are some chance of ikons on the growth of fashion retail business in Hong Kong.Nowadays, Globalization is a hot topic of the world, more and more foreign brands enter in Hong Kong market, such as GAP, Forever 21, Zara, HM and Monki, etc which provide good wrong and trendy design merchandises. They regarded Hong Kong as the stepping stones to go into the China market. With more branding in Hong Kong, the competition between them is becoming more intensive and serious. Therefore, the local fashion retailers take a leak to build up their competitive advantages to withstand the impact from those foreign brand s.Also, because of the inflation of Hong Kong and China, the salute of the materials, labor and transportation is getting higher. Garment manufacturing is a labor intensive activity. The embody of garment is primarily from the increasing labor appeal and transportation cost. In order to deal with, the retailer probably assume to order more amount of quantity each time to achieve the economy of scale, so the cost will be decline. Furthermore, as we know that Hong Kongs rental outlay of shop is the first third expensive in the world. The rental price has been increasing rapidly in the recent years.From 2010 to 2011, the rental price was increased more than ten percent. So, rental price of the store is a core cost of any business, especially fashion retailer as it needs a large space for displaying and storing the products. The rental cost affects the realize of the fashion retailers. To conclude, Hong Kong fashion retail market is excuse positive. There are umteen great oppo rtunity for Hong Kong fashion retail to expand its business. However, there are some uncertainty need to be ante up attention, such as the entrance of foreign brands and the unstable rental cost.So, the local fashion industry needs to create a competitive strategy to deal with. For example, local fashion retailers can use the attractive marketing strategy, liked collaboration with other brands, provide excellent customer services and building great brand image. 4)Ratio analysis i) block out for profitability I. T (in HKD 000)Bauhaus (in HKD 000)* a)Return on Equity (Net income / Average stockholders equity)416945/(1843212+1477723)/2 =25. 1%25. 1% b)Profit mouldings (Net income/ Net Sales)416945/3834422 =10. 9%11. 4% ii)Test for fluidness I. TBauhaus c)Current Ratio Current As constitute/ Current liabilities1873282/1012495 1. 85%3. 3 d) degraded Ratio (Current Assets- Inventory)/ Current liabilities(1873282-736717)/1012495 =1. 1%1. 7 e)Inventory Turnover Cost of goods sold/ Avera ge Inventory1405482/(736717+394520)/2 2. 52. 0 iii)Test for Solvency and equity position I. TBauhaus f)Debt/Equity Ratio Total liabilities/ Total stockholders equity(1012495+429852)/1843282 0. 78(1497+126461)/494938 0. 26 iv) Market test I. TBauhaus g)Price/ moolah ratio Current Market Price per Share/ Earning per Share4. 88/0. 33 =14. 82. 98/0. 32 =9. 3 h)Dividend Yield Ratio Dividends per share/ Market price per share0. 146/4. 8 =3. 0%0. 177/2. 98 =5. 9% * credit from annual report* Two financial reports announced in different date- Bauhaus- For the year ended 31 March 2011 I. Tfor the year ended 28 February 2011 i )Test for Profitability Profitability is a simple measure of the overall success of the corporation. This is a class of ratios that are used to assess a businesss ability that generate earnings compared to its expenses and other relevant costs incurred. To determine rather the federation is valuable for investing or non which need to get high profitability when com pared with competitors troupe.However, in fashion industry, the sales revenue is seasonal. For example, the sales revenue is oftentimes higher during Christmas and Chinese recent Year in Hong Kong. So, we should not compare the retailers fourth-quarter profit margin with the profit margin from the same utmost a year before because it would be far more informative. a)Returns on Equity This ratio indicating how much income was earned for every dollar invested by the stockholders. ROE can reflect if they pick out used the money that invested in the caller to generate much more income. If the ROE is low, it shows that the returns of the investors will not be high.And the company doesnt utilize the resources that they have invested. Two companies have a similar result of this ratio. Both two companies can generate about 20% of income use stockholders equity. It is because retail store is not very high investment to enter the market it has higher ROE when compare to other industry liked social system Company. In order to measure the company is worth to investing on ROE ratio should not be lower than 15%. So, two companies are worth to invest on. b)Profit margin Profit margin is an indicator of a companys pricing strategies and how well it controls costs.It is calculated by finding the net profit as a percentage of the revenue. A low profit margin indicates a low margin of sanctuary higher danger that a decline in sales will erase profits and result in a net loss, or a negative margin. The higher profit margin heart and soul that the company has a higher ability to generate profit. I. Ts result is 10. 9%, it is lower than Bauhaus 11. 4%. I. T should sully the expense. Bauhaus has a higher profit margin in 2010/2011. It shows that they have frame effort to maximize the profit. Since compared with last year (10. 5%), it has been increased. i) Test for liquidly It is a class of financial poetic rhythm that is used to determine a companys ability to pay off its shorts debts obligations. A companys ability to turn short-term assets into cash to cover debts is of the utmost importance when creditors are seeking payment. Bankruptcy analysts frequently use the liquidity ratios to determine whether a company will be able to continue as a breathing out concern. c) Current ratio This ratio measures the ability of the company to pay latest debts as they become due. It is the authorized ratio that we can identify if the company has a good cash flow.If the debts recalled but the company does not have enough money to pay it, the company may be asked to bankrupt. On the other hand, latest ratio should be in appropriate level. Ratio is overly high fashion the company did not fully utilize the current assets to generate the profit. Bauhaus have a higher current ratio than I. T, it means Bauhaus ability of returning the debts is greater than I. T. It can more utilize current assets to generate more income. It shows that they have $3. 3current assets for returning $1 of current liabilities. Investor need to concern the ability of a company that utilizes the current asset. I.T has a lower Current ratio than Bauhaus. However, it is enough ability for them to returning the current liabilities when they are recalled. And it shows that I. T has better utilization of the assets to generate profit. It shows that they have $1. 85 current assets for returning $1 of current liabilities. d) Quick Ratio Quick Ratio is similar with the current ratio with no consideration on the scrutinize factor. It is more representatives to measuring rather the company can return the current liabilities immediately. The quick assets included Cash, Accounts due etc. These assets can return into cash in short time.Inventory will not be counted in this ratio as it may need longer time to return into cash and a lay on the line of cannot be sold. It is a very important ratio for fashion industry, since the trends turn of clothing is fast, the product may be in today, but out day tomorrow. So, fashion retailer should not continue similarly many inventories. Bauhaus have a higher in Quick ratio, however, compared with the current ratio, it is a great variation on two ratios. It means that the scrutinise tied up its current assets. It is not a good issue on a fashion company. They need to bare the risk on high discount of the product when the product is outdated.It will be high losses on the revenue. They can minimize the store through different method, liked big sale, buy one get one plain and so on. Although the quick ratio f I. T is lower than Bauhaus, it is enough to returning the debts when all the current debts are recalled. e) Inventory Turnover This ratio measure how quick of a company sells their inventory. Higher inventory derangement lead to shorter cycle on inventory. Since inventory is not easily being sold out and transform into cash in a short period, fashion retailer should not hold too much inventory. Since fashion items are easily faded out.If the company store too much stock, the risk of the inventory cannot be sold out will be increase. Also, the expenses of storing will be occurred. Once the inventory is outdated, the company needs to sell it in a large mark down price. The profit of the company will be affected Since Bauhaus have a lower level on inventory, its inventory upset will much slower than I. T. It may tie up the capital if the inventory cannot be sold. So, company should reduce the level of inventory. I. T has a greater performance on inventory overturn. It shows that they have shorter cycle on inventory.So that it is much easier transforming inventory into cash. iii) Test for Solvency and equity position Its a set of ratio that to test the company can be able to meet it long-term repayment responsibility. It provides a measurement of company can continue to meet its debt obligations. f) Debt/ equity Ratio This ratio measure a companys financial leverage calculated by dividing its total liabilities by stockholders equity. It indicates what proportion of equity and debt the company is using to finance its assets. I. Ts result is 0. 33, shows that $0. 33 liabilities that exists for each $1 invested by the owners.It is a very low value. Bauhauss result is 0. 21, which is lower than I. T. In the Balance Sheet, we can find out that Bauhaus did not ask for the long term debts from the third party. It shows that they dont have the interest burden. The result shows that two companies is not using the debt financing to acquire the financial resources, liked selling bonds, bills or notes to the investors. Debt financing is much higher risk than equity financing. As these two companies is listed company, they would like use the equity financing to submit money. And the equity financing method is more safety and no regular interest burden. v) Market Test Market test relate the current market price of share of stock to an indicator of the return that might a ccrue to the investor. It based on the share markets perception of the company. It can let the investor to know if the company is worth to invest. g) PE Ratio Current Market Price per Share/ Earning per Share This ratio measure the race between the current market price of the stock and its earnings per share. The higher the ratio, the higher the perceived type of the earnings by the share market. It also shows the future growth of company.If the P/E ratio is too high, it means that the value of the company is overstated. And it is not a good choice to investing on that company. I. T have a higher PE ratio than Bauhaus it means that the quality of the earnings by the share market is higher. It is more worth to invest h) Dividends Yield ratio This ratio measures the dividend-paying performance of different investment alternatives. The higher of result, the better performance. Bauhaus have a higher result, it shows that they have higher dividend-paying performance. If the investor wa nts to put the money into low risk and long term investment.They can choose this company. 5)Limitation on analyses of ratio Since two financial reports is announce in different ended date. The result may not be accurate. The fashion retail industry turnover rate is seasonal, like The Chinese New Year of 2011 was in February so the sales turnover must be high in that moment. After that, the turnover will be drop. So, these two companies will in different sales turnover rate. 6)Forecast of the companys future prospects This part can be divided in to two parts, the 5 years income statement analysis and potential risk of the company. a)I. TThe diagram shows that turnover have been increased gradually during 2007 to 2011. Although 2008-2009s local economy is in down turn, the company smooth can strive to increase of turnover. It is predict that the company will probably maintain the addition since the economy situation is recovering and the local residents will spend more money on cl othing items. The diagram shows that I. T had undergone a decrease on profit in year 2009 due the poor economy situation. And they suffered decrease of financial income. And the operating expense was higher than 2008. After 2009, there was a great onward motion on profit.It has six times more profit comparing during 2010and nine times during 2011. It is predict that the company will probably maintain the increment of the profit if it can keep the level of expenses. However, there are some risks have been raised. The operating cost is increasing during these 5 years. Since the rental price is much higher in the recent years. They should adapt different strategy in order to keep the cost in the low level. Another risk is that I. T needs to pay attention that is the exchange issue. Since I. T sources many merchandises from different countries and the foreign exchange is unstable.For example, Japan YEN is much higher exchange rate. However, I. Ts buying office purchase many Japanese fa shion brand products. So the cost and price of the merchandises will be impacted by the exchange rate. To deal with risk management, I. T embed a risk alert culture throughout the Group, the Internal Audit Department has implemented an annual intrinsic control risk self-assessment to allow major business units to identify and analyze the risks underlying the achievement of business objectives and to determine a basis for how such identified risks to be managed and mitigated.In the coming future, I. T should pay more attention on risk management in order to prevent suffering from the economy situation and to have a greater growth. Bauhaus Bauhaus also have a gradual increase of turnover during 2007-2011. The increment from 2009 to 2010 was slowly. It may because of the economy situation was still not recovered yet. However, there was a sharply increment from 2010 to 2011. It is predict that, the turnover will be increased faster. Bauhaus also suffered a decrease of financial income in 2009.After 2009, there was an improvement on profit growth. However, the improvement is less than I. T. The diagram shows that the profit properly tends to be increased. Bauhaus also face the foreign currency risk and operation cost increment risk. The Group continuously monitors its foreign exchange position and, when necessary, will hedge foreign exchange exposure arising from contractual commitments in sourcing apparel from overseas suppliers. Generally, the Group introduces conservative strategies on its financial risk management.In the future, Bauhaus will have a great growth. However, in the fashion business market, the information is run fast, the risk is always happen. The company should build up a risk management system to minimize the risk of company operation. 7)Conclusion The financial performance of both Bauhaus and I. T compared in this report is great. And the prediction of their future growth is positive. Thereby, two companies are worth to be invested. The above ratios show that Bauhaus have a better performance than I. T.For the investor that can undergo low risk, so the investment on Bauhaus is more preferable. It is because the company growth and financial debt position is better, and it has a higher dividend yield, and they keep on paying the dividends in last 5 years. For the investor who wants to have higher return, I. T will be a good choice. It is because the PE ratio is lower, so the company still has a great improvement and the share price probably being increased. Its good for the investor that purchasing the stock in low price and then sold them in higher price.