Ab221 Customer Service

Running head: On-Time Technology Products Complaint On-Time Technology Products Complaint Kaplan University AB221 Customer Service Tina Engle March 30, 2011 On-Time Technology Products Complaint On-Time Technology Products (OTTP) sells products related to time, and Mark MacGibson is the new President of OTTP. OTTP has seldom had any customer complaints because the companies top priority is customer service. Mary Graff, the supervisor for the Customer Service Representatives plans was to take OTTP to an innovative level of excellent customer service. Unfortunately, one day the President received a complaint in written from a disabled person, that has prompt his immediate attention. The complaint was in reference to the treatment given by a sales representative (Joanne) during the persons visit to the store. The complaint read, â€Å"Today I was at your store and wanted to purchase a new laptop computer. I never write companies when small incidents occur (relative to my disability of being in a wheelchair), but I feel that today’s behavior by your sales staff was over the top and warrants this letter. I chose to inform you, the President, so that others in my circumstance at your place of business will not be so offended. I felt very patronized when, after asking a question of your service/sales representative Joanne, she responded in an almost childlike voice – not once, but three times! Then she proceeded to lean on my wheelchair as she was demonstrating the laptop to me. I felt it would have been more appropriate for here to use a chair, but when I suggested she do so, she said, â€Å"Oh this will only take a minute or so† and then continued to lean over me for another five minutes! I am incensed enough to write this letter! By the way, after leaving your store I will purchase my laptop from another store within the hour. † After reading this person written complaint I have come to the conclusion that this complaint is legitimate because Joanne did not serve the disabled customer properly. Joanne’s communication with the customer was inappropriate because she spoke in a child like voice, and leaned on the customers’ wheel chair. Where in actuality, Joanne should have spoke to the customer in a normal tone voice (instead of a childlike voice), sat in a chair at eye level to the customer in the wheel chair (instead of leaning on the persons wheel chair), and continuing to lean on the customers wheel chair after the customer told her what they would prefer for her to do. In my opinion, the President Mr. MacGibson should call (if their telephone number is available), or communicate with this customer personally, and offer his sincere apology as well as compensation for what took place in their store. What I think Mr. MacGibson responds should is; â€Å"Hello Sir. /Mama, I am Mr. MacGibson the President of On-Time Technology Products and I would like to give you my sincere apology for what took place at our store during you visit. I would like to inform you that the mannerism Joanne showed during your visit is unacceptable, and was not the protocol of OTTP. To assure that this does not happen again I will personally make sure that all of our employees are well trained, and aware of the Americans with Disabilities Act. In closing, I would also like to offer you compensation for what took place at our establishment although you stated â€Å"you have purchased a laptop from another business. I would recommend that Mr. MacGibson put into play extensive training at OTTP with understanding disabled customers, customer behavior, and exceptional service, and that should assure to keep up OTTP’s reputation of seldom complaints. I say this because as a customer coming into an establishment they need to be understood, welcome, important, and comfortable with the sales representative. References The World of Customer Service, 2nd edition Pattie Gibson-Odgers (2008).

Moby Dick: Chapter 58 Essay

It is in human nature to hold in contempt and fear things unknown to them, on the other hand many people hold the pursuit of knowledge as the one true path to fulfillment in life. The dangers of the pursuit of knowledge are an underlying topic in Ishmael’s discussion of brit. Ishmael describes the sea as enigmatic and immensely more dangerous than the land; in doing so reveals how attempting to study the unknown in the pursuit of knowledge is far more dangerous than remaining ignorant. In Ishmael’s discussion about brit he quickly drifts off the subject of the actual brit and begins to make comparisons between the land and the sea. He states that even â€Å"though some old naturalists have maintained that all creatures if the land are of kind in the sea†(Melville 272), he has yet to see any creatures of the sea that have the same charm and kindness as domesticated pets. He reveals the inherent lack of kindness or hospitability in oceanic creatures by making this statement. He goes on to say that,†however baby man may brag if his science and skill, and however much in a fluttering future that science and skill may augment; yet forever and ever to the crack of dawn, the sea will continue to insult and murder him†¦ man has lost that sense of the awfulness of the sea which aboriginally belongs to it.†(Melville 273). This passage illustrates the core of what Ishmael is trying to describe in his argument. It reveals the horror and indomitable terror of the sea, which according to Ishmael people seem to have forgotten about and take for granted. He also belittles human’s in the passage calling them â€Å"baby man† showing how powerless he believes people are compared to the sea and how no matter how much people advance they cannot compare to the sea’s power. He goes on to expand on this idea stating the many ways in which the ocean’s horrors hold supremacy over all others such as the sea’s lack of mercy and control as well as its deceiving beauty and how â€Å"its most dreaded creatures glide under water unapparent for the most part and treacherously hidden beneath the loveliest azure†(Melville 274) Underlying this description of the terror of the ocean is a warning; Ishmael attempts to show how trying to study the unknown in pursuit of knowledge is far more dangerous than remaining in a state of ignorance. Ishmael uses detailed description to over emphasize how terrifying the ocean is. This shows the use of storytelling and redefinition in order to get the audience picture the terrors of the ocean and in doing so empathize with Ishmael’s beliefs. This indicates Ishmael’s use of pathos in his argument. Ishmael besides describing the ocean as a perilous place he describes it as â€Å"an everlasting terra incognita† (Melville 273), this declaration of the incapableness of man to unravel the mysteries of the ocean shows the, almost fearful, reverence he holds towards the ocean and its mysteries. A reverence he attempts to impart upon the audience through the aforementioned use of hyperbole and redefinition, showing a use of pathos to make the audience sympathize with these feelings. It seems that Ishmael would rather people not attempt to learn about the unknown rather than expose themselves to its dangers. This is apparent when this extract, â€Å"For as thy appalling ocean surrounds the verdant land, so in the soul of a man there lies one insular Tahiti, full of peace and joy, but encompassed by the horrors of the half known life. God keep thee push not off from that isle, thou canst never return!†(Melville 274). This is the conclusion to Ishmael’s discussion and reveals the reasoning for his statements. The â€Å"horrors of the half known life† encompassing the â€Å"insular Tahiti† are the things people attempt to learn about the world and themselves. Ishmael believes that by venturing out into the sea of one’s soul man exposes himself to all the dangers of the world. This shows how he believes that it is better to remain on a peninsula of ignorance and comfort than venture out into the sea of knowledge. Ishmael urges people to remain in their small insular world threatened by what lies beyond. He believes that one will find less comfort in discoveries than in ignorance and as such people should stay clear of the mysteries of the world.

Budget Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Budget - Assignment Example This type of budget helps corporate to have an insight on whether the available income will suffice to finance the anticipated expenditure (Millett, 2011). On the other hand, budget forecast, utilizes financial figures for previous period to come up with figures for the current period (Brookson, 2000). Therefore, it can be scrutinize that budget is a very important tool that can help to monitor revenues and avoid unnecessary spending (Millett, 2011). This assignment will focus on determining strategies for managing budget within forecast by comparing expenses with the budget and determining the possible reasons for a variance. Additionally, bench marking techniques will be identified and how they can help to improve future budgetary forecast within a hospital. Determine specific strategies to manage budgets within forecasts. Corporate financial managers and senior clinical financial officers may utilize different strategies for managing budgets within forecast. Among the suggested st rategies that may be used include; cost variance strategy, performance based strategy, zero based strategy, bench marking strategy and activity based strategy (Brookson, 2000). The cost variance strategy, focuses on finding the difference between the budgeted cost and the actual cost .When a negative variance is obtain, it is an indication that the actual cost were more than budgeted cost (Finkler & McHugh, 2008). Therefore, clinical financial officers should find out the reason for a negative variance and employ necessary measures to prevent such discrepancies in the future. Clinical financial officers may use performance based strategy. This strategy employs performance based dashboard and matrices to determine the proximate cause for a variance and look on necessary measures that can be employed to remedy the situation (Brookson, 2000). Additionally, clinical financial officers may apply zero based strategy to control budget. In this strategy, each expense incurred is assessed an d necessary recommendations are made thereafter (Finkler & McHugh, 2008). Bench marking strategy may be used whereby; information of the best performing hospitals may be gathered and analyzed. The information gathered may be used by clinical financial officers and hospital managers to make future budgetary improvements in their respective hospitals. The improvements may be carried out by emulating the best practices from a benchmarked hospital (Finkler & McHugh, 2008). Connectively, clinical financial officers may apply activity based strategy to control budget. In this strategy, hospital operating cost data may be gathered and allotted to specific activities in the hospital (Finkler & McHugh, 2008). Compare five to seven expense results with budget expectations, and describe possible reasons for variance. The following expenses were selected for comparison purposes and the possible reasons for the variances have been explained under each expense: Supplies 8,418 6,693 (1,725) -25.8% 89,456 84,283 (5,173) -6.1% 79,183 -13.0% The supply expenses were higher than the budgeted cost based on above figures. This indicates that the difference between budgeted cost and actual supply cost provided a negative variance (Millett, 2011).The possible reason for a negative supply variance may be attributed to higher demand for medical tools used to attend

Does North Korea truly desire war with the U.S Research Paper

Does North Korea truly desire war with the U.S - Research Paper Example 4. Ever since the disintegration of the Soviet Union, North Korea has suffered the consequences of dire economic straits2, which, in turn, would most likely lead to the collapse of its totalitarian government; hence directing the tensions outwards would prevent such an event. 5. The apparent development of nuclear devices and the ballistic missile tests, both accompanied by menacing rhetoric and unyielding behavior3, seemingly speak of North Korea’s intention of going to war with the US. CONS: 1. Despite decades of isolation and obviously overestimating the strength of its armed forces, Pyongyang is well aware of the risks of eventual war against the US; moreover, it’s not that clear whether North Korea actually possesses a deliverable weapon4. 2. It’s pretty unlikely that North Korea’s establishment, most notably the dictator, Kim Jong Un, will risk everything in a destructive armed conflict with the US. 3. The threat of nuclear and ballistic missiles tes ts proved to be a very effective maneuver so far5. 4. China’s patience is about to come to an end, which would adversely affect the Sino-DPRK alliance6. 5. What the regime in Pyongyang is really aiming for is its own survival, i.e. ... Eventually, China’s intervention and the overwhelming American naval and aerial superiority brought the war to a stalemate, which, in turn, made both sides to go to the negotiation table8. On the one hand, the present-day North Korean regime – personified by Kim Jong Un – seemingly based on precedents from the 1950 war which didn’t turn fatal for their predecessors, and encouraged by the size of the contemporary North Korean armed forces, might seek a historical revenge. Obama administration’s policy of restrained pressure in regard to saber-rattling regimes, like North Korea and Iran, is probably considered a weakness, which would also boost Kim Jong Un’s desire, if any, to strike the US. On the other hand, Pyongyang is well aware that the regime would pay the price if embarked on such an adventure; as well as should be able to understand the difference between the American military capabilities and those of their own. Somewhere at that poin t of the equation appears the people’s perception of war in both countries, hence the number of eventual casualties that the general public would swallow; which, in turn, would make the war no option for the American public opinion. An act of aggression, however, changes the whole equation; therefore, the regime in Pyongyang probably takes into consideration that could not stake on this card. In case of war between North Korea and the US, Pyongyang would understandably hope for Chinese support, just as in the 1950s; moreover, Beijing’s assistance is currently of vital importance for the North Korean regime. China, for example, goes to great lengths to ameliorate the effects of the extreme UN sanctions on North

Critical analysis Journal opinion article Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Critical analysis Journal opinion article - Essay Example The economies will be fully employed, allowing them to attain their potential in offering jobs and raise the income of their inhabitants. These will play a key role in helping generate high growth levels in cities, contributing to overall advancement of the entire economy (Sparshott). The latest outlooks evident in the case of American cities are optimistic, although some urban areas as well as their suburbs have populations representing about 86 percent of the regions’ population, while 88 percent are employed in nonfarm sectors. Even though more than half of the cities have attained record levels of employment, about one-third are anticipated to fail reaching this level when 2016 ends. Moreover, approximately 130 metropolitan areas are anticipated to penetrate the market in 2017, although they will be supporting few jobs unlike the case of the past decades. The areas that are recovering at the slowest rates are the older Midwestern regions, which were negatively influenced when the region lost a large number of jobs offered by the manufacturing sector. The deteriorating infrastructure and aging population will also play a role in preventing these areas from recovering, making them rank behind the top-advancing cities in the U.S. (Sparshott). In a different perspective, the boom witnessed in the oil sector, which played a key role in allowing certain cities in the U.S. boost their performance, is currently reversing progress. For instance, Midland, Texas portrayed fastest growth in 2014, but this is not the case presently. However, in 2015, the employment and economy of the metropolitan are anticipated to slow down and contract at the start of 2016. Overall, however, the cities in the U.S. are playing a key role in driving the growth of the economy, thus paving the way towards the recovery process. Moreover, even though some

Guam Governor Island Address Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Guam Governor Island Address - Dissertation Example He lauds the growth in the private sector and that many business permits have been issued as well as the licensing of over a thousand private contractors, which is attributed by the reduced restrictions to investments resulting in job growth. Moreover, educational reforms have been instituted enabling more children to enroll in school and to stand better chances of employment, and this has also benefited adult learners; in addition, he claims that the education system still requires to be adjusted for it to be both practical and match to international standards. Moreover, he discusses ways to solve housing crisis, the projects in place to build 3000 units by 2017, the achievements made in solving land crisis are mentioned, and he promises to ensure food production is improved for the island to become self-sufficient. These developments will improve the tourism sector and hopes to see tourist hotels fill up, he projects that the Russian and Chinese markets will continue to grow result ing in additional tourists (Calvo 8). Furthermore, he mentions the revitalization of the Hagatna highway and promises that more roads will be developed; museums of the local culture would also be constructed, and that the Guam museum is already under construction. He criticizes the rising cost power and proposes the use of GPA and CCU systems, which would reduce the cost, but also the environment, damage (Calvo 9). He also discusses the need for lifestyle change since the three top killers, diabetes, heart disease, and cancer were lifestyle related, and many people have no access to medical care and the main hospital needs more funding to cover the needs of everyone (Calvo 4). He addresses the need for more projects to honor and assists the veterans and war heroes in making smooth transitions; in addition to the poor and voiceless such as those afflicted with mental problems will be considered. He announces that in his tenure, tax refunds have been prompt and compensation has been c ompletive, he also claims that there have not been new taxes and employees are rewarded on the basis of merit in order to motivate them. He mentions victories in the fight against corruption and discusses the importance of transparency, and pledges to solve understaffing in the police force and congratulates them for a good job, and he assures resident that his administration would crack down crimes, especially the sexual predators with the collaboration of the police. He critics the federal government concerning the funding crisis and imbalance between the state and federal government, and promises to do all he can to fix this to the extent of suing the federal authorities. Finally, he calls the people’s attention to the changes in government over the last few years and its increased efficiency under his governance, he promises in time to turn the extraordinary to commonplace in Guam. Response Drawing from the speech, it is evident that the governor is confident and proud of the accomplishments achieved in his tenure and rightfully so, from the PDFs provided, the claims in his speech are much more than political rhetoric. He makes a clear, coherent and well-organized presentation supported by statistical and concrete evidence, thus, he engenderers the transparency he is trying to institute and thus leads by example. In

Marketing Planning Process in a Brewery Case Study

Marketing Planning Process in a Brewery - Case Study Example The environment in which business operates has a greater influence on their successes or failures. There is a strong linkage between the changing circumstances, the strategic response of the business to such changes and the performance. It is therefore important to understand the forces of external environment the way they will influence this linkage. The external environment which is dynamic and changing holds both opportunities and threats for the organizations. The changes in the environment affect the risk levels of various investments to be made in the new situations. The macro environments in which all firms operate broadly consist of the economic environment, the political and legal environment, the socio cultural aspects and the environment related issues. The technological temper and its progress has been the key driver behind the major changes witnessed in the external environment making it increasingly complex to enter in other countries (Ross, 1-3). The company needs to analyze the kind of impact the export may bring in their industry as the impacts are never same for all industries. The emerging demographic profile of any country will have very different consequences for businesses. The former will face an adverse effect, the latter will have a positive effect and this needs to be analyzed and integrated into strategic decision making (Yvonne, 2004, 14). The Marcom objectives (Marketing communication and advertising mix methods) set by the Brewery industry are as follows: (i) According to cost, targeting and response Advertising cost includes cost of design, production such as printing and media includes, local radio, display advertisement etc. For effective marketing communication, modern organizations should learn about the methods that are available in the market. Organizations should keep up with market developments so as to give effective decisions about where to put marketing advertising emphasis, and what marketing communication 'mix' of methods to use. (ii) According to design, production and the role of external agencies Company's image is formed by advertising material and campaign. And company can take the help of external agencies and a good designer. The role of design and advertising agencies are: a. Concerned with planning advertisement campaign and b. Implementing advertising or promotional 'campaigns' on company's behalf (iii) Use simple language for customer understands Customers are people with multi options from all sources and having good technical or detailed understanding of products and services. The effective advertising and marketing is the ability to convey complex issues to the customer in an interesting, relevant, meaningful, and easy manner. 3. SWOT and PESTEL Analysis A SWOT analysis summarizes the key issues from the external environment and the internal capabilities of an organization those which become critical for strategy development. The aim through this is to identify the extent to which the strengths and weaknesses are relevant to and capable of dealing with changes in the

Impact of HR outsourcing and offshoring on attitudes and behaviour of Essay

Impact of HR outsourcing and offshoring on attitudes and behaviour of remaining employees - Essay Example he evidence from the present study on two groups of HR employees and on HR managers, it was clear that adverse impacts were caused by outsourcing, on employees’ emotions, job roles and the psychological contract. Further, there were detrimental outcomes in employees’ job satisfaction, motivation, and related factors. These adverse impacts were higher among the payroll employees, as compared to the project group employees who were generally confident of their present and future work roles in the company. This study is based on the theory of violation of psychological contract, and its link with the negative outcomes of outsourcing on HR in-house employees. Significantly, the HR managers expressed satisfaction in their transition to outsourcing, and believed that their employees also had a positive approach to the change. The significance of change management is recognized. Optimization of the change management process in INT Corporation using the ten principles of Corbett (2004), would facilitate a smooth transition to outsourcing, and positive impacts on in-house HR employees. Human Resource (HR) departments of companies expect to continue implementing their current strategies of outsourcing HR services. One of the main reasons is to reduce costs due to the weakened economy. Moreover, outsourcing helps to solve a number of operational problems and improves the efficiency of HR functions in an organization. By gaining access to outside expertise, service quality is improved greatly. Thus, â€Å"with the need to reduce costs, improve efficiency and maintain high levels of employee service† (Hewitt Associates 2009: 3), it is becoming increasingly important for HR to outsource some of their functions in order to deliver higher value to the business. Due to the significant benefits in HR outsourcing, it is vital to ensure that the transition to outsourcing is carried out in the best possible manner. â€Å"The foundation for a successful launch is built in throughout

Gender and Aging Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Gender and Aging - Essay Example For instance, Ms. Beatrice engages in volunteering work in order to find time to share with her daughter and grandchildren (Anno. 2014). This helps her to feel better because of the company and the chance to interact with others. The aging services can help widows like Ms. Beatrice Newman cope with such challenges and age successfully by providing social occasions where they can interact with others. This is essential since it will make them feel appreciated and forget about their problems back at home. It would also be appropriate to encourage them to participate in volunteering activities where they can keep busy and socialize with other members of the society (Anno. 2014). This arises because the main challenge to them is loneliness and loss of touch of the family members. As a result, aging services can support caregivers by providing suitable facilities and conditions for taking care of the

The ability to read critically is an important skill not only at Essay - 1

The ability to read critically is an important skill not only at university but also in the business world. discuss - Essay Example Hence, through enhancing critical perspectives towards texts, products and other symbols emergent in a society, students can transfer these abilities to the public, thus reading their society through a critical lens that directs to empowerment (Cioffi, 1992). Responding to the emerging need toward critical literacy, universities nowadays include communication curricula as an integral segment of the undergraduate and graduate courses of multitudes of business schools. These universities and colleges require that students gain knowledge on various interpersonal communication skills such as oral, reading and writing in addition to the major courses such as management, marketing and accounting skills (Muir, 1996). Nevertheless, there is no common agreement on the implication of business communication and the conventional manner to instructing business communication frequently presents a one-dimensional process framework that falls short in addressing critical thinking in order to perceive political and power relationships that are present in the workplace. Recently, there has been greater emphasis on the communication practices within the organization as well as inside the more significant economic, political and social environment of the wo rkplace (ibid). New college graduates are often surprised to discover that communication traditions in the workplace are more highly criticized than in the academic realm and that superior-subordinate interactions are very much complicated than the typical student-instructor relationship. Even though several organizations promote open communication and innovative capabilities, they are repressed by elements that may not appear obvious or sensible to the novice employee. For instance, it is not at all times apparent who the important actors are in the decision-making arena, and the novice may desire to obey traditional business communication approaches which

Disinhibitory effect Essay Example for Free

Disinhibitory effect Essay Albert Bandura explains vicarious learning also known as observational learning as the function of observing and imitating behavior from other people. It involves the process of learning what other s are doing and impacting the behavior in our lives through observation. He believes that observational learning is most important during childhood whereby children look up to their parents and guardians as their role models. Bandura argues that vicarious learning allows people to learn without necessarily changing their behavior. Vicarious learning occurs in various mechanisms. These are: The modeling effect In this case a person almost copies the behavior observed in another person although with some differences. Disinhibitory effect This is different because the observer performs a particular behavior after seeing another person perform the behavior without any negative effects. The eliciting effect In this case, the observer displays behavior that is closely related to that of another person although with some differences. Inhibitory effect This is a type of observational learning whereby a person avoids performing a certain behavior after seeing another person face negative consequences from the same behavior. Vicarious learning is related to deviant behavior in children because people who commit crimes relate them to early exposure either directly or indirectly. For example, people who are exposed to pornography material at an early age, eventually become child molesters. Some research studies show that pornography is a tool that is used by child molesters to persuade children to perform the abuse. (Grusec, Hastings, 2006). Baumrind’s typology of parenting styles Parenting is an activity that includes behavior that works either individually or together to influence the outcomes of children’s behaviors. Baumrind believes that the typology of parenting style doe not include deviant parenting but it involves the issue of control. All parents differ in mechanisms through which they control their children or socialize with them, but the main role of parenthood is to control, teach or influence their children. Types of parenting styles Authoritarian parents These parents are very directive and demanding but they respond less to the needs and requests of their children. Such parents expect their children to obey each and every order without explanations. Authoritarian parents usually provide a well structured and ordered environment with rules that should be strictly adhered to. Indulgent parents These types of parents are also referred to as non directive or permissive. They are very responsive and less demanding of their children. Indulgent parents are very lenient and avoid confrontation with their children. They allow for self regulation and do not expect mature behavior from their children. Authoritative parents Unlike the authoritarian parents, the authoritative parents are demanding as well as responsive. These parents monitor their children closely while imparting standards of good conduct in them. They use disciplinary methods that are supportive but tough. Authoritative parents want their children to be firm, socially responsible, assertive as well as self regulated. Uninvolved parents These are the type of parents who lack demand and response towards their children. The authoritative parenting style is the mot effective because it involves parents who are both demanding and responsive. This type of parenting involves disciplinary methods that are both tough and supportive; hence they have a positive effect on the children. Parents who aim at imparting standards of good conduct and self regulation are more effective in their families. (Siegel, Welsh, 2004). The uninvolved parenting style is the least effective parenting style because it results to reject and neglect. These parents lack both responsiveness and demandingness and therefore do not communicate properly with their children. Children who are raised by uninvolved parents feel neglected and rejected and thus are more likely to develop delinquent behavior. Unraveling Juvenile delinquency study by Sheldon and Eleanor This study was conducted in 1940 by Sheldon Glueck and his wife. This study was aimed at examining criminal behavior and they argued that potential deviants could be identified as early as six years of age. They aimed at identifying the causes of crime and delinquency. Sheldon and Eleanor conducted investigations through interviewing family members, social workers, employers, schoolteachers and neighbors. They identified the role played by family structures and discipline in shaping the antisocial aggressive behaviors and delinquency in adolescents and adulthood. During their study the Gluecks compared delinquent and nondelinquent males from Italian, English and Irish families living in poor urban areas. Their findings were that delinquent behavior is developed as a result of early childhood experiences, family structure and discipline. (Glueck, S. Glueck E. 1951). The findings of the Gluecks are valid because delinquent behavior develops early before children reach the age of adolescence. Delinquent signs can be identified between the ages of three and six and almost before they reach the age of eleven. References Burfeind, J. W. Bartusch, D. J. (2005). Juvenile Delinquency: An Integrated Approach. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Glueck, S. Glueck E. (1951). Unraveling Juvenile Delinquency. Harvard University Press. Grusec, J. , E. Hastings, P. , D. (2006). Handbook of Socialization: Theory and Research. Guilford Press. Siegel, L. J. Welsh, B, C. (2004). Juvenile Delinquency: The Core. Thomson Wadsworth.

The mission, values and stakeholders of TESCO

The mission, values and stakeholders of TESCO 1.0 The successful path way to Tesco Tesco started life in 1919 when Jack Cohen started selling surplus groceries from a stall in the East End of London. Mr. Cohen made a profit of  £1 from sales of  £4 on his first day. The Tesco brand first appeared five years later in 1924 when he bought a shipment of tea from a Mr. T. E Stockwell. The initials and letters were combined to form Tes-co and in 1929 Mr. Cohen opened the flagship Tesco store in Burnt Oak, North London. The brand continued its rise in the 1930s when Mr. Cohen built a headquarters and warehouse in North London and in 1932 Tesco became a private limited company. In 1947 Tesco Stores (Holdings) Ltd floated on the stock exchange with a share price of 25p. Tesco showed its expansionary zeal early on by buying up rival shops. In the 1950s the retailer bought 70 Williams stores and 200 Harrow stores, followed by 97 Charles Philips stores and the Victor Value chain in the early 1960s.During the 60s supermarkets started to expand rapidly by selling more products in ever larger stores. In 1961 Tesco Leicester entered the Guinness Book of Records as the largest store in Europe and in 1968 Tesco opened its first superstore in Crawley, West Sussex. Supermarkets revolutionized the way people shopped and by the 1970s Tesco was building a national store network to cover the whole of the UK, which it continues to expand to this day, while also diversifying into other products. In 1974 Tesco opened its first petrol stations, and would become the UKs largest independent petrol retailer. By 1979 total sales topped  £1bn, and by 1982 sales had doubled to more than  £2bn.In 1987 Tesco successfully completed a hostile takeover of supermarket rival H illiards for  £220m. In the 1990s Tesco continued to tighten its grip on the UK with more store openings and an aggressive marketing campaign in an attempt to overtake Sainsburys as the UKs leading grocer. In 1992, the company launched is slogan every little helps, followed by the Tesco Value range in 1993. This was followed by the launch of the Tesco Club card scheme in 1995, helping Tesco to overtake rival Sainsburys as the UKs largest food retailer.1996 saw the retailer introduce its first 24-hour store while it also expanded overseas opening shops in Poland, the Czech Republic, and Slovakia. In 1997 Tesco appointed Sir Terry Leahy as chief executive.Tesco.com was launched in 2000 and the supermarket continued to expand its range of products, which now includes clothes, electrical and personal finance products. In 2004 Tesco entered the broadband market. Two years ago, in 2006, the retailer announced ambitious plans to open stores in the US under the name Fresh and Easy and funded by existing resources. Tesco now operates in 13 countries. Today it reported that group sales were  £51.8bn in the year to February 23 2008. Pre-tax profit rose to  £2.8bn. In 2008 the retail giant took its conquest of the UK one step further by buying up some rival Somerfield stores on remote islands in Scotland, giving Tesco a presence in every single postcode area in the country. As it stands there is only one postcode in the UK in Harrogate in North Yorkshire which does not have a Tesco. At present year 2010 Tesco operates Business Development Commercial Clothing Commercial Food Commercial Non-food Hard lines Corporate Legal Affairs Corporate Marketing Corporate Purchasing Finance Group Security Loss Prevention Information Technology Operations Development Personnel Property Supply Chain / Store Ordering Telecoms Tesco Mobile UK Support Office Distribution Pharmacy Clothing Tesco Bank Tesco.com Identify Toscos Mission, values Of Tesco and key characteristics. Identify key stakeholders of Tesco and show how its stakeholders have influenced these Values and objectives 1.1.1 Definition of Mission, values and key objectives Mission Mission statement is the reason for a company to exist this present business environment. It always makes to feel and belief the top management going in a right path in an organization. Charles Handy (1976) says, A good mission statement inspires employees and provides a focus and direction for setting lower level objectives. Mission statement has to guide employees in making decisions and establish what the organization does. Mission statements are acting a major part in progress of the organization. Value Values are deep-seated beliefs about what is accurate and off beam, and what is imperative and inconsequential. The values held within an organization have an important influence on its goals and the ways, which it works. Last but not the least it represents the institutional philosophy and sustain to the organization. Hales, C. (1993) Objectives Mission, purpose or standard that can be practically achieved within the expected timeframe and with the offered resources, In broad-spectrum, an objective is broader in scope than a goal, and may comprise of several different goals. Objectives are the most basic planning tools underlying all forecast and strategic activities. They serve as the basis for policy and performance appraisals, and act as bond that binds the entire organization mutually. Charles Handy (1976) 1.1.2 Mission, values and key objectives of Tesco Mission of TESCO The mission statement of TESCO PLC is Creating value for customers, to earn their lifetime loyalty. Value of TESCO The value of the TESCO classified into two groups those are: No-one tries harder for customers: Understand customers. Be first to meet their needs. Act responsibly for our communities Treat people as we like to be treated: Work as a team. Trust and respect each other. Listen, support and say thank you. Share knowledge and experience. www.tesco.com access on (01.11.2010) Objective of TESCO All of Tescos objectives unify in with each other. For example; the business will not have any customers if the business is not operating well. Share holders will not invest money in the business, if the business hasnt got any customers. The company will not be able to afford to have any employees working for them if they havent got money being invested in the business. So the objective of the Tesco changes over a period of time due to a range of reasons. Some of these reasons are listed beneath: Competition: Tesco might like to change their objectives, if another competitor moves in the same area. For instance, if Tesco is making a profit of per book, their books might not sell, because the competitor is selling their books cheaper. So in order for the business to survive they would have to put the prices down. For that, Tesco will have to change its objectives probably from making a lot of profit to making enough profit to survive. Internet: Internet is becoming a trend for everyone, so Tesco decided to take an advantage from it and decided to make a website through which they can sell online. Tesco will change their objectives from making sure they get everyone from the local area to buy from them, to selling to everyone in the whole country. It is a social benefit for Tesco. Diversify into non food: Since Tesco has diversified from being a store that only sold food to a non-food supermarket; they have changed their objectives from competing with only markets that sold food to competing with everyone who sells anything, from cars to mobile phone lines. Go for multinational: Since Tesco made their market into an international market; they have changed their objective from, being the leading market in England to being the leading market around the globe. www.tesco.com access on (01.11.2010) 1.2 Definition of Stakeholder These are the specific people or groups who have an interest or a partial stake in the products and services an organization provides. Internal stakeholders include management, other employees, administrators, etc. External stakeholders could include suppliers, investors, community groups and government organizations. Clients / customers are stakeholders as well. 1.2.1 Tesco achieves the objectives of three stakeholders Tesco mainly operates with following stakeholders those are: Customers: Customer Question Time meetings are precious like diamond which is cut and polished. Staff hears customers views on everything from how they are serving customers in their stores to their role in the community. Staff: Staff gives the company their feedback through the Viewpoint staff survey, Staff Question Time sessions and by Staff Forum process. Suppliers: Tesco core value is treat people how we like to be treated, and its something they apply firmly to their supplier to grip the relationship www.tescocorporate.com access on (01.11.2010) 1.3 Responsibilities of Tesco and strategies employed to meet them Tesco are committed to having a constructive dialogue with stakeholders to ensure that they understand what is important to stake holder and allow there selves the opportunity to present their position. Engagement helps them to identify new risks and opportunities to ensure that their long-term strategy is sustainable. In some instances they find that working with stakeholders in partnership can help deliver shared goals. They might not be able to satisfy all stakeholder concerns all the time but through engagement they can do their best to balance competing demands. Tesco know that customers need to be able to trust their business and stakeholder will only trust them if they believe that they are engaging on an appropriate basis with their stakeholders. Tesco programmed of engaging with stakeholders including customers, staff, suppliers, investors, government, regulators, non-governmental organizations and others, there 472,000 employees serve millions of customers around the world. Tesco look after and develop them so they can look after their customers. No one tries harder for customers. Tesco: work as a team trust and respect each other listen, support and say thank you share knowledge and experience Training and development Rewards and benefits Diversity and inclusion Communication Customer service training Health and safety Schoemaker, Paul J.H. (1992) 2.1. Write a report how different economic systems attempt to allocate and make effective use of resources of manufacturing industry. 2.1.1. Definition of Economic System An economic system is one that a society attempts to meet peoples material needs and wants through the production of goods and services. From the countrys point of view, production of goods and services is influenced by the limited supply of such elements as labor, land and natural resources and capital. The scarcity of supply of resources means that the Government has to decide the allocation of these limited resources among competing claims, given the opportunity costs associated with the decision of producing a certain products and services within the economy systems instead of others. The economic system can be classified into four main groups those are Traditional economy: Where decisions about what, how and for whom to produce are based on custom and tradition Free market economy: Where households own resources and free markets allocate resources through the workings of the price mechanism.   An increase in demand raises price and encourage firms to switch additional resources into the production of that good or service   Planned or command economy:   In a planned or command system typically associated with a socialist or communist economic system, scarce resources are owned by the state (i.e. the government). The state allocates resources, and sets production targets and growth rates according to its own view of peoples wants Mixed economy: In a mixed economy, some resources are owned by the public sector (government) and some resources are owned by the private sector. The public sector typically supplies public, quasi-public and merit goods and intervenes in markets to correct perceived market failure Charles Handy (1976). 2.1.2 Definition of manufacturing industry Manufacturing industry refers to the industries which involve in the manufacturing and processing of items and pander to in either creation of new commodities or in value accumulation. The manufacturing industry accounts for a significant share of the industrial sector in developed countries. The final products can either serves as a finished good for sale to customers or as intermediate goods used in the production process. 2.1.3 Economic systems attempt to allocate and make effective use of resources of manufacturing industry. As if I take Tesco as the manufacturing industry there are Different approaches or economies systems are adopted by different countries. Free market economy: government intervention is kept to the minimum while supply and demand and the ability to pay influence decision making. Most decisions are based on market mechanism. For e.g. Tesco sells their own brand goods and service to their own value (Tesco value food, electronics, other Tesco branded items). Command economy: resources are centrally planned and controlled by the government. This, however, means that no freedom for individuals to choose what they produce and what they consume for e.g. Tesco has been instructed by government not to sell Tobacco and alcohol under the age of 18. Mixed economy: A mixed economy combines elements of both free private enterprises and intervention, in varying general external appearance by the state. And also the producing industry will be stable where as the company owned by the public sector (government) and private sector for e.g. the Individual savings Account. www.tesco.com accessed on 01.11.2010 2.2 Explain what is social welfare and industrial policy initiatives 2.2.1 Define Social welfare and how to initiative CSCI (2005) recommends the social welfare is also known as charity programs that lending hand for the needy people and also social welfare helps to develop the environment, education and orphanage. Social welfare does not mean that the deed has to be done by only cash even by planting trees cleaning the surrounding areas donating to the blood campaign visiting to the orphanage to make the children and elders feel happy for example Social welfare policies (Issuing Free Computer) Science has invented many things. The triumphs of science are too many to be counted. Some of the latest triumphs of science are really wonderful. They are quite remarkable discoveries. It has made our life easier by the computer a few years ago. It is considered as the brains of the human beings. It has opened up new vistas. These can make any number of calculations, modes of particulars hypothetical situations can be produced studied. Further to the above mention statement there are people in some places where they have not even seen the computer for their lifetime so in this modern universe they wont be able to survive for those people issuing free computer and educate them in that field. 2.2.2 Industrial policy initiatives (Insurance policy) Suitable accounting financial procedure are adopted to demonstrate current financial viability and to ensure there is effective and efficient management of business. It will service users are safeguarded by the accounting and financial procedure of the industry. Insurance cover is put in place against loss or damage to the assets to the business. Records are kept of all transactions entered into by the registered person There is a business and financial plan for establishment, open to inspection and reviewed annually Insurance cover also act when there is a emergency period such like disaster or loss in the operation Insurance cover is provided for business interruption costs including loss of earnings as well as costs to operator of meeting its contrast liabilities. 2.3 How above mentioned social welfare and industrial policy initiatives can make an impact on an organization and wider community whose main product is computer games? Commercial computer games may be fun and engaging but many critics fear that employing computer games within the classroom may have a negative impact upon learning. Some of the key disadvantages and potential pitfalls of using computer games within an educational context are listed below. Excessive gaming can result in low self-esteem and aggressive attitudes and behaviors such as gambling and stealing to finance play. (Ellis 1990; Anderson and Dill 2000) Computer games can distract from learning as players concentrate on the objective of completing the game rather than using them as a learning tool. As Clarke (2003) observes; computer games require the suspension of disbelief, it may be difficult to retain learning acquired in that state. Excessive time spent gaming could negatively impact on schoolwork (Griffiths 1996). Computer games may have a negative impact upon impressionable young children who are particularly susceptible to copying behaviors and may struggle to distinguish b etween reality and a computer generated environment. Subrahmanyam et al. (2001) suggest that in order for a pupils skills to be enhanced through game playing, players must possess them to some degree already. Stoll (1999) suggests that; time spent in front of a screen could instead be spent, for example engaged in a sport or social activity Loftus and Loftus, (1983) suggest that excessive game playing can cause physical symptoms such as soreness in joints. In many games characters and environments tend to be violent and have stereotyped. Such games can encourage negative and socially unacceptable behaviors such as violence and aggression. (Cooper Mackie 1986) . Some games which are highly engaging and motivational can become addictive (Anderson ford, 1986), and lead to social isolation, (Selnow, 1984) low self-esteem (Dominick, 1984) and poor social interaction skills. The majority of computer games are gender specific. The vast majority of games are male orientated and this may a lienate female gamers and pupils alike. 2.4. You are supposed to select a UK based organization and describe how to evaluate the impact of macroeconomic policy measures and the influence of the global economy on that organizations and stakeholders 2.4.1 Define Macroeconomic The field of economics known as macroeconomics focuses on the behaviors of a national economy, or a regional economy, as a whole. Macroeconomics is a very general field that concerns itself primarily with large scale indicators, such as unemployment rates, and with the creation of models meant to explain relationships between those indicators. Macroeconomics is also considered the complement to microeconomics, which studies the actions of individuals rather than larger scales. 2.4.2 Impact on the on the UK based Organization by the macroeconomic As the above cash study referring to the UK Based organization I am willing to take Marks and Spencer Clothing sector and there stake holder to give you a clear picture how the macroeconomic effect. Pakistan Cloth Exporters Srilanka Cloth Exporters Marks Spencer Clothing Sector China Cloth Exporters India Cloth Exporters Sri Lankan economy has registered a strong growth in the first decade of 21st century, despite suffering civil war from 1983 to 2009 and some major natural disasters. Further to this action srilanka has stopped the exporting to the United Kingdom. Similarly recent disaster in Pakistan and china has stopped distributing their cloth materials to United Kingdom. As provided issue those three countries are unable to export the textile from their own nation but india did not effected so india textile exporters are well aware of the problems the other countries facing so the next step of them will be raising the demand by increasing the value for their product as in the side of marks and Spenser textile sector have no option to go for so they accept the demand of india and marks Spenser buy there textile By getting for the higher price Marks Spencer does not have any option rather than increasing the value from  £4 to  £7 because of this action marks and Spencer will be losing their customer. 2.4.3 Impact on the on the Stakeholder by the macroeconomic Dissatisfaction customer Loosing customer Loyalty Quality Service Risk of losing internal stakeholder Increasing demand on local suppliers Unemployment Increase in the bargaining power of customer and suppliers Losing the shareholder Brand of the company 3.1. What is perfect competition? Select a suitable market structure in practice within your country and briefly explain it and how it deviates from the model of perfect competition 3.1.1 Perfect Competition Perfect competition is a theoretical market structure. It is primarily used as a benchmark against which other market structures are  compared. Perfect competition is an idealized market structure that is not observed in the real world. While unrealistic, it does provide an excellent starting point that can be used to analyze real world market structures. In particular, perfect competition efficiently allocates resources. Perfect competition is a theoretical market structure. Porter, M.E (1980) A market structure in which the following five criteria are met: 1. All firms sell an identical product. 2. All firms are price takers. 3. All firms have a relatively small market share. 4. Buyers know the nature of the product being sold and the prices charged by each firm. 5. The industry is characterized by freedom of entry and exit. Porter, M.E (1980) Further to the above mention detail the below examples might help Mobitel Dialog    Identical product: Mobitel Upahara Dialog Blaster    Free Minutes          :    1000 1000 After 1000 to          :                Rs 0.5 Rs 2.0 Mobitel/Dialog After 1000 to          :          Rs 0.5       Rs 3.0 Other fixed After 1000 to          :             Rs 3.0 Rs 3.0 Other Mobile Monthly Rental      :                Rs 240.0                                                       Rs 300.0 Connection                :                      Rs 1500.0                                                    Rs 1500.0 Share percentage : 47.1% 23.5% Freedom of entry And exit : No Yes Source: Dialog and mobitel websites The reason why the mobitel doesnt have freedom to exit because they are collaborated with government where as the dialog is owned by Malaysian government so they can exit the business whenever they need. 3.2 The relationship between market forces and organizational responses Forces of demand and supply representing the aggregate influence of self-interested buyers and sellers on price and quantity of the goods and services offered in a market. In general, excess-demand causes prices and quantity of supply to rise, and excess supply causes them to fall. http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/market-forces.html#ixzz175PFaeVF accessed on 02.11.2010 For example We will take a Tooth paste product for Boots pharmacy in the UK. I am going to analyze how Boots Oral Hygiene department will respond to the market forces. Another reason for seeing the market in terms of market segments is that it allows the business to concentrate on what it is best at. Each of these matching processes is composed of the Marketing Mix. (Kotler and Dubois 1994) Product Price Product base Place Promotion In the above marketing mix the first 4Ps will apply to products base, additional 3Ps will be apply to service base company. However Boots is the Product and service base organisation. Boots provides and take care the people oral hygiene. Product Products are only bought if they bring the benefits that the customer wants. According to Antil (1988) every product has a life cycle. It goes through five stages, Sales grow slowly at the introduction stage when the product is new on the market and few people know of it. Then sales increases rapidly during the growth phase, it is now that competitors enter the market and promote their own products. Sooner or later the rate growth slows. This is the maturity period. And then the market finally declines and the product in its existing form becomes unprofitable. Source: Ansoff (1987) Corporate Strategy Boots Toothpaste is the product offers different kind of features, for example fight against cavity, plaque, tartar and gum problems. Boots has toothpaste for kids, for white teeth, smokers. Boots toothpaste will prevent tooth cavities, exposed root cavities, Fight against bad breath, reduce plaque, reduce gum problems, Strengthen weak tooth enamel, and remove stains. According to Boots annual report (2010) the Oral hygiene products are the fastest growing sector in Europe and in the pharmacies. Boots stores in the UK have seen a 6.2%increase in sales value for their total oral care, Sales continuing show positive growth year on year. 50% of the sales are incremental proving that these brands (Oral Hygiene products) will have positive effect on sales performance. Place: The Boots toothpaste mainly in any Boots chemist, drugstore or pharmacy. Is the Toothpaste available in the right quantities, in the right place, at the right time? Distribution of finished goods which feeds the raw materials to the manufacturer, and there also the internal distribution which occurs within the supplying company itself. Place involves marketing channels through which company reaches its customers getting the right products to the customer at right time. The ultimate purpose of any distribution plan is to make the right goods available to the customer at the right time. And also boots can place their products at departmental stores, shopping mall, Target retailers. Boots toothpaste (New products). Product should store in a clearly labeled area until the date of implementation. Price: How much customers willing to pay? Pricing of product can be illustrated by the Boston grid. During the lifecycle a successful product will progress from the wild cat through the star stage and ultimately become a cash cow. During that process the earning capacity of the product rises. Pricing plan must take account of the role individual products play in the corporate strategy of the company, when a product is new and also during the high growth phase of the product life cycle, price tends not to the customers primary consideration. Demand is high. Price is one of the most obvious indications of the value is placed on a product. Price is taken as an indication of quality. Price can be fix according to its quality, and the quantity of the tube size. Boots should be care full about the fixing price for the toothpaste to get competitive advantage. The UK populations have clear perceptions about price of the product. If it is very low price customer may think the product is low quality, if price is too high they want new product like Boots toothpaste, customers prone to purchase their other familiar product. In that case we need to be balance while fixing the price and also can promote electronic sensitive brush with toothpaste.Boots also can consider remaining 3Ps. Promotion: How Boots can inform or educate groups of customers about its product. Delivering desired message to target group. Innovation within the power toothbrush sector. Like buy one toothpaste gets one toothbrush. Free leaflets, magazine to people about oral hygiene, mouth care etc. Encouraging better oral hygiene routines Boots also can promote to the mix, with gum and mints competing in the oral health and health supplement market. Price promotion to get a competitive advantage Television Advertising (Short) 3. 3 Explain the behavior and competitive strategies employed by an organization and discuss the role of the Competition Commission and regulatory bodies I have taken the same example of Boots oral hygiene product competitive strategies and organization behavior Competitive Analysis Model for Boots Toothpaste plus This model also will help to identify the competitive advantage or differential advantage of the product or company Competitive resources Factors to take into consideration Competitive Superiority Test Its all about research and development for the product before do marketing plan, It determine the competitive advantage. Most marketing department find difficult to convince finance director of that particular company to implement the market plan. The Finance director will argue why should we take risk to developed some product which unsure. Financing directors are act as risk averter. Imitation Test It will reduce the research development cost by imitate the product (existing product) rather than find new. Duration Test Measures to what extent our resources will be produced in the future. This will include such factors as recruitment and training in relation to competitors. Appropriateness Test Boots have enough supplier for its manufacturing department, Can take ingredients from smith blend for prepare the toothpaste for elderly Substitutability Test By introducing Boots Toothpaste Plus, Boots will be a market leader and make competitive advantage. Its something doing different that their competitors Role of the Competition Commission and regulatory bodies The CC replaced the Monopolies and Mergers Commission in 1999, following the Competition Act 1998. The Enterprise Act 2002 introduced a new regime for the assessment of mergers and markets in the UK. The CCs legal role is now clearly focused on competition issues, replacing a wider public interest test in the previous regime. The Enterprise Act also gave the CC remedial powers to direct companies to take certain actions to improve competition; in the previous regime its role was simply to make recommendations to Government.   http://www.competition-commission.org.uk/about_us/ accessed on 11.11.2010 4.1 as a business analyst write a report to g

History Essays Winston Churchill War

History Essays Winston Churchill War Winston Churchill War These were the words of Winston Churchill when he entered the Buckingham Palace one day, â€Å"But whether it be peace or war we must strive to frame some system of human relations in the future which will put an end to this prolonged hideous uncertainty, which will let the working and creative forces of the world get on with their job, and which will no longer leave the whole life of mankind dependent upon the virtues, the caprice, or the wickedness of a single man.† At about this same time, thousands of people almost worshipped this man, n enigmatic personality and a charismatic leader, who rose to power because of his charisma and his leadership qualities. At this point of time, this great leader was concerned more with the essentials of balancing the harmony and the eternity of his beloved country, England, and he seemed to be quite completely weary and tired of politics. However, this did not mean that the events and happenings taking place all around him did not affect him at all; in fact, it was quite the contrary. He was frankly horrified and appalled at the Fascist rabble in Italy, at the Reichweir rumored to be creating secret aerodromes in Russia, and at the haranguing of Hitler in Germany. Churchill felt that all these incidents could not be considered to be independent; they were all the frank expressions of nations that were demonstrating a certain will power and self command. This was probably the primary reason why Winston Churchill decided that he would come out of retirement from his country house and stand as an independent candidate for the by-election of 1924. Although it is true that this leader lost in this election, as he had in the past two others, it did not deter him in the least, and on the other hand, he became aware that he was an individual who had managed to gather enough support from several factions during the elections. Mr. Baldwin, at this time, offered Winston Churchill a Conservative seat at Epping, and this meant that this leader could return to Epping as a full fledged Conservative leader. It would help to get an idea about the man, and his life, before one can assess his leadership qualities. Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill was born in the year 1874 in Oxfordshire, to prominent Tory politician Lord Randolph Churchill. The young boy grew up under his father’s tutelage, and when he was old enough, he saw action both at India and at Sudan. He was captured during the Boer War when he was working as a journalist, and he managed to escape from prison later. In 1900, Winston Churchill was appointed the Conservative Member of Parliament for Oxfordshire, but he was apparently disillusioned by his party’s activities, and he therefore joined the Liberal Party in 1904. When in 1905 the Liberal Party won the elections, Churchill was appointed as the Under Secretary, after which he entered the Cabinet as the president of the Board of Trade. In 1910, he was appointed the Home Secretary, after which he became the Lord of Admiralty, a post that he held during the First World War. However, after the disastrous Dardanelles campaign, for which Churchill became the scapegoat, he resigned and joined the Army. From the year 1917 onwards, Winston Churchill was appointed leader of several governmental posts, until the year 1940 when the Prime Minster of England Neville Chamberlain resigned, and Winston Churchill took his place. It must be remembered that Churchill had been opposing Nazi developments in Germany for a long while now, and he took this opportunity to oppose the Nazis officially, while at the same time refusing to surrender to Germany. This act in itself served as an inspiration for the people of England at the time, and this leader worked tirelessly through the war, and built up close ties with the President of the United States of America, Roosevelt, while at the same time trying his best to maintain cordial relations with the Soviet Union. In 1945 during the elections, Churchill lost power, but he remained the leader of the opposition. At the time, he warned his people of the Cold War and tried his best to encourage European and also trans-Atlantic unity. In 1951, the charismatic Winston Churchill became the Prime Minster again, but in 1955 he resigned his post, but he remained a working and accomplished and capable Member of Parliament until his death in the year 1965. Winston Churchill has been known for his early accomplishments in life, in much the same way as other leaders like Lenin, Stalin and Hitler, but there is an intrinsic difference between him and other leaders. While the others mentioned above tried to use their victories in order to create dictatorships in their country, Winston Churchill was an individual who was affected by war, and who grabbed any opportunity he could to make use of the war to lead his own country towards an inevitable victory. Perhaps, the fact that Churchill belonged to a military family helped him a great deal in his endeavors, and when he was sent to India and Sudan on various assignments, the young man, barely twenty four at the time, wrote to his mother back in England, â€Å"I never felt the slightest nervousness, I felt as cool as I do now†. What was even more surprising was that Winston Churchill had been posted both as a war correspondent as well as a serving soldier in India and in Sudan, and it was here that the young man revealed two other aspects of his character: he had a literary bent of mind, and he also had a keen interest in public affairs. As a matter of fact, although Churchill wrote all his life, politics and public affairs almost seemed to consume him; perhaps the fact that his father Randolph Churchill had been a public failure as a politician spurred the young man on, and perhaps to, this was the reason why he was determined to succeed where his own father had failed before him. It is important to note that Randolph Churchill had despised and detested his son, and he probably saw him as a show off and a good for nothing individual. In his own words, writing to his mother the Duchess of Marlborough, he criticized his son heavily, and said that his son lacked â€Å"cleverness, knowledge and any capacity for settled work. He has a great talent for show-off, exaggeration and make-believe†¦Ã¢â‚¬  However, although his father’s comments must have hurt the young Churchill, he sought to react by trying to venerate his father’s memory. This in itself shows his strength of character, wherein the young man, instead of falling prey to petty vindictiveness and nastiness and spite, sought to restore his father’s lost honor in the British parliament. In the year 1935 Winston Churchill knew enough of world affairs to warn the House of Commons of the importance of â€Å"self-preservation and also of the human and the world cause of the preservation of free governments and of Western civilization against the ever advancing sources of authority and despotism.† It must be stated that Winston Churchill was a natural born leader, who managed to accomplish a great many things during his lifetime. Take for example the time when he managed to escape imprisonment immediately after he was captured during the Boer War: he became an acknowledged and accepted national hero in his country after this fact, and at the time when Edward III was abdicated, Winston Churchill opted to show his deep support for the deposed leader, despite the government’s complete disapproval, and against popular advice. The great man chose to believe in what he felt must be done, and he bravely managed to carry this out, despite all odds. Another accomplishment was that Winston Churchill managed to lead his beloved country through the Second World War, and he also made sure that he made his opposition to Hitler and his atrocities publicly known. This was the reason why Churchill refused to make peace with Germany while Hitler was in power, and instead, he chose to consult with American President Roosevelt and with Soviet Stalin, to create and plan a victory over Germany in the immediate future. This great leader was not an individual who would bow to anyone; he would follow his instincts and act accordingly. Using his insight and intuition, he warned his country of the expansive tendencies being exhibited by the Soviet Union, and he even coined a specific term for this phenomenon: ‘Iron Curtain’. As mentioned earlier, Winston Churchill proved to be an excellent and charismatic leader when he led his country during the Second World War. Experts often state that almost the whole of Churchill’s career had been a sort of training and preparation for this event: that of leading his country during war. It would help to remember that Churchill was an intense patriot, and he loved his country more than anything else in the world. This individual was also a great believer in the greatness and immensity of his country, and he was constantly aware of the historic role that England had played in Europe, in the Empire, and also in the world in general. Churchill was an individual who thrived on challenges, and he would always rise to the occasion in any sort of crisis that his country was facing. Since he was extremely fond of politics, and the workings of his country based on the political happenings happening within his country, he became a veritable master of politics, and it had often been felt that Winston Churchill was nursing all his many faculties, and reining in his inexhaustible sense of energy for the time when he would be able to lead his country in the World war II. This was the time when the brilliant leader could showcase Britain’s values for the entire world, and he grabbed the opportunity to do just this. In was on September 3 1939 that Britain happened to finally declare war on Germany, and at the same time, the then Prime Minister of England, Chamberlain appointed Winston Churchill as the chief in charge of the Admiralty. On the fleet, there was much rejoicing and celebration: â€Å"Winston is back!† went the saying back and forth. The US President Franklin Roosevelt sent a congratulatory letter to Churchill over the appointment, and thus began a long term and memorable correspondence between the two world leaders. It is often stated that it was Winston Churchill’s leadership as the Prime Minister during the Second World War that served to help Britain, until then an isolated power, survive successfully the Battle of Britain, which ultimately led Britain to gain a tremendous victory over Nazi Germany. It is also stated that his form of generous leadership was desperately needed by his country at the time, and perhaps too, it was the man’s obstinacy and stubbornness to enter into any sort of negotiation with Germany, and the will power to adhere to his stand, no matter what, that brought victory to his country, Britain. (Del Testa; Lemoine; Strickland, 2001) In reality, Churchill’s achievements have been at times so much exaggerated that the leader has become a fictional character in several novels that deal with the World War and incidents related to the war across the world. In Winston Churchill’s own words, he led his beloved country Britain through her â€Å"walk with destiny†, and this, a destiny for which the leader had been preparing all his political life, as mentioned earlier. Churchill’s qualities of far-sightedness, his sturdiness, tenacity, stubbornness, his obstinacy in the face of much opposition, his great valor and courage and the will to win and conquer despite the odds were all the characteristics of a great world leader, and it was these qualities that helped the man garner enormous support both at home and also abroad. Furthermore, Winston Churchill was an accomplished speaker, a great politician, and he loved his country. He was also a journalist, and he knew what words would inspire and what would not. In later stages, the very sight of Churchill, with his trademark cigar perched at the corner of his mouth, his fingers raised in his characteristic ‘V’ sign for Victory would serve to inflame the masses, and at the time, the people would do anything for him, and follow him anywhere he would choose to lead them. He became known as ‘John Bull’, a British mythical character, and a symbol of victory for the common people of his country, and Churchill believed strongly that his very destiny lay in great service to his country. When he was chosen to be the Prime Minister of his country, Churchill said these immortal words, â€Å"I felt as if I were walking with destiny, and that all my past life had been in preparation for this hour and this trial†, and this was how this great individual and appointed leader of his country led Britain through one of the toughest wars of history. Take this fierce oratory, for example, an awe inspiring speech that inflamed the people of his country and kept them from losing heart delivered on June 4, 1940, at the time when it appeared as if all of Europe might fall soon: â€Å"†¦we shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end we shall fight in the seas and oceans we shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills, we shall never surrender† When his people listened to this speech, they felt inspired enough to think of never ever giving up, even though it appeared as if they may fail eventually. This was the courage and determination that Churchill displayed at every turn. In 1939, immediately after Winston Churchill was recalled to duty as the First Lord of the Admiralty, the first wave of German military power had already managed to overwhelm Poland, and immediately afterward, threatened to topple Northwestern Europe, and also to make France fall. In 1940, at the time when France had already fallen, Churchill was called to power and responsibility by a spontaneous revolt in his country carried out by the best elements in all the parties, and it was a well accepted and recognized fact that he alone, among all the other political leaders, had had no part to play in the disaster of the 1930’s, and that he was blameless. This meant that he had been chosen by the very will of the entire nation, and that he enjoyed his people’s support at every turn. It would be during the next five years, as the Prime Minister of England, and the leader who would lead and head his country in the ongoing World War that Winston Churchill’s career became almost one with that of his nation, and closely linked with its survival. It must be remembered that until the year 1941, Britain had fought all alone in the World War II. At this time, Churchill took it upon himself to inspire resistance at any cost, and to oppose Nazi Germany no matter what happened. H felt reasonably sure that Britain would be able to resist Nazi Germany eventually and that England would not fall prey to Germany any time in the near future. Churchill also started to organize the defense of his country, so that it would stand as a bastion when it would be returned to the continent of Europe. It was this charismatic and appealing leader that managed to bathe in a new life into the government, and into his beloved country and her people. In his own words, when addressing the House of Commons upon being appointed as the Prime Minister of England, he said, â€Å"I have nothing to offer but blood, toil, tears, and sweat: You ask, what is our policy? I will say: It is to wage war, by sea, land, and air, with all our might. You ask, what is our aim? I can answer in one word: Victory.† The ultimate aim was for Churchill an undisputed ‘Victory’ for his country and his people. How exactly did Winston Churchill lead his country during the Second World War? What were his actions? How did he inspire such great confidence in his abilities and performance as a leader of his country? The historian George Best describes how Winston Churchill went about protecting and defending his beloved country. As mentioned earlier, the reputation that the great leader had at this time was that of a gifted politician, who had already changed his party twice, and who could be quite an impulsive type of individual, who could at different times be susceptible to impractical enthusiasms and interests. He was also recognized as the person who felt confident enough to state boldly and in the open his real feelings about the then Prime Minister of England Neville Chamberlain, and his foreign policies. Six years later, after he had led his country successfully through the World War II, Winston Churchill became renowned throughout the world as a enigmatic person and a great statesman who was the champion of freedom and democracy and independence for his country, and who was victorious in his endeavors to guide and lead his country during the war. However, it must be noted that it was not until nine months after his appointment that there were some results. On the 10th of May 1940, the challenge that was facing the country looked very formidable indeed, but things looked even worse about six short weeks later. The British Army was almost captured at Dunkirk, but managed to escape. Although the escape was a victory in itself, it was, in military terms, a shocking setback to the ongoing campaign, and soon enough, Britain was facing an unforeseen threat, that of invasion, something that she had not faced since the year 1805! It was Churchill’s able leadership that managed to save his country from such humiliation, and it was Churchill who managed to persuade the cabinet and the parliament that Britain and its empire could survive, through his awe inspiring speeches at ever juncture. Churchill even went so far as to forbid and prohibit any type of defeatist talk within his hearing, and he also refused to be put on the defensive for any reason whatsoever. He remained firm and strong and capable, and his behavior proved to be extremely heartening to his people, who were almost on the verge of crumpling down in the face of opposition and the prospect of defeat and humiliation. This was how Winston Churchill managed to bring his people through the ‘Battle of Britain’, win the battle, and make sure that invasion was no longer imminent and looming down upon them, and teach Londoners how to survive what became known in later times as ‘the Blitz’. This victory carried him through the next battle, the Second World War, and he remained confident and positive through these difficult times, thereby leading his country through one of the biggest battles she had ever been involved in, in recent years. As mentioned earlier, Winston Churchill and President Roosevelt started to communicate with each other when Churchill was appointed as the Lord of the Admiralty by his Prime Minster. It must be mentioned here that it was this relationship of these two great leaders that managed to bridge the existing gaps between the two countries England and the United states of America, and which helped the leaders fight for their own causes, while also keeping in mind the others’, in a friendly manner. Take for example the letters that Churchill, being a journalist, wrote to Roosevelt, urging him to help the Allies in the ongoing war in Europe. It was in essence these letters that helped bridge the gap between the two countries, and which heralded the beginning of a diplomatic relationship that would help in the struggle to defeat Hitler and the Axis powers. Acting upon Churchill’s advice, Roosevelt proposed aid to Europe in the ‘Lend-Lease Act’, according to which the United States of America would supply financial and military aid to Great Britain and the Soviet Union. In return America would have a ninety nine-year lease in places that could be considered to be in threat at any time in the future. In the year 1941, the Congress approved of the Act, and this in essence could be said to have changed the very course of history, because Roosevelt’s generosity and Churchill’s grim determination to bring in a defeat to Hitler and his atrocities combined together into a potent combination, which brought an end to Hitler’s tyranny. In the words of Sir Isaiah Berlin, â€Å"Churchill’s political imagination has something of the same magical power to transform, it is a magic that belongs equally to demagogues and great democratic leaders: Franklin Roosevelt, who as much as any man altered his country’s inner image of itself, and of its character and its history, possessed it in a high degree†¦ Churchill stands at almost the opposite pole. He too does not fear the future, and no man has ever loved life more vehemently and infused so much of it into everyone and everything that he has touched. But whereas Roosevelt, like all great innovators, had a half-conscious premonitory awareness of the coming shape of a society, not wholly unlike that of an artist, Churchill, for all his extrovert air, looks within, and his strongest sense is the sense of the past.† These sentences give one a peek into the relationship that was shared by two great leaders, Churchill and Roosevelt, both of whom fought for a common cause, the welfare of their country and of her people. There are some researchers and reviewers and political analysts, however, who do feel that the relationship has been given too much importance and hype, and the truth may be quite exaggerated, and that the relationship was that of uneasy friendliness. Some others have felt that by forging such a relationship with an America President, Winston Churchill had in fact led his country into developing an unwanted alliance with America. The two leaders had different agendas, but they were united in one aspect, Hitler would have to go, and both the countries would try their very best to drive him out of power, and it was apparently Churchill’s strong hope that he would be able to utilize Roosevelt and his power to shore up the sagging British Empire. Winston Churchill, after having headed his country through turbulent and uneasy times of the Second World War, remained as the Prime Minister, and when he turned eighty in the year 1954, Anthony Eden, several members of parliament, and even his own wife urged him to give up the post, as he appeared to have aged rather rapidly over the past few years. In the year 1955, Winston Churchill resigned as the Prime Minister of England, and he held on to his post as a Member of Parliament. Writing had always been his strong point, and through his life, Churchill had penned several books and written for several journals and magazines, and had even own a Nobel Prize for his work. This served him in good stead at this time, and the great leader managed to complete his four volume work, ‘The History of the English Speaking Peoples.’ Some of the time he would spend visiting his old friends and the rest, on taking long cruises on yachts that belonged to his multi-billionaire friend Aristotle Onassis. His wife, however, did not seem to approve of this extravagant lifestyle, and this brought about a separation between the two. Soon afterwards, Winston Churchill started to suffer from symptoms of depression that he had been prone to earlier too, and he felt that his entire life had been a sheer waste. Although it was Winston Churchill who headed the country towards a victory in the war, the British Empire had in fact almost disappeared at this time, and almost half of Europe had come under the Communist regime. Churchill also feared that Socialism was threatening the England that he had loved with all his might, all his life. However, this able and wonderful leader had reached the fag end of his life, and he was tired and almost ready to give up his life. At the time, he engaged in bitter quarrels with all his children, Randolph, Mary, Diana and Sarah. He seemed to be waiting for death, and he would often remark to his daughter who would sit with him, â€Å"My life is ended, but it is not yet over†. (Hamilton, 2006) He still remained, however, a popular figure, especially within the United States of America, until in 1963, the Congress happened to vote to make him one of the first ‘honorary citizens’ of America, and life continued in the same vein. On his ninetieth birthday, Churchill was surrounded by his family: his wife, children and grandchildren. Well wishers had gathered outside his window, and a frail and weak Churchill struggled to get to the window to make his famous ‘V’ for Victory sign. Cheered by the crowds, Churchill was very happy indeed. That same evening, he suffered a stroke, and went into a coma. Two weeks later, Winston Churchill, the great leader, able administrator and excellent orator and politician, who had overcome many a handicap so that he could serve his country and his people better, breathed his last on January 24, 1965, which coincidentally, also happened to be the seventieth anniversary of his father’s death. He will always be remembered as the man, who led his country in the Second World War, and who ousted Hitler, thereby saving democracy for his country, and for the world. (Hamilton, 2006)

What Conditions To Keep Chips In Overnight :: essays research papers

Background Information. I think that this practical will be based on osmosis because ,Osmosis is the random movement of water molecules from a high concentration to a low concentration . This will then happen between the chips and the liquid in the McCarthy bottles . This already tells us that the chips will vary in size from the concentration of water . Plan of the Experiment. Method 1 Firstly we shall set up the experiments by getting the apparatus and the materials (potatoes) ready. We shall then get the 18 McCarthy bottles needed . Then put them on the desk ready for the potatoes to be added when ever. We should then get the weighing scales and the core remover, along with a ruler on the side. 2 Secondly we should core the potatoes and then accurately weigh, and measure them. To measure them we should use a scalpel and a ruler the scalpel should then be used to accurately cut the pieces of potato, the potatoes should all be cut with the same corer to ensure a fair test. To make the cutting even more accurate we should use a square so that the potato is accurately cut. We should also then weigh them accurately so that we will be able to find out the difference after. We should record these results. 3 Also, we should then start to add the liquids to the cylinders , We should then add all the potatoes at roughly the same time after they are all full. We shall then record these details and use them so that when we take them out it will be exactly the right time each. For the test to be as accurate as possible my nights will be until lunchtime the next day, so we can find out exactly which one is the best . 4 Finally when we take them out of the cylinders we should then put them straight onto the weighing scales to find out what the results are. We will then record them to find out the results. Preliminary Work I think that the preliminary work I have completed has helped tremendously with the practical experiment. The work on osmosis has helped with understanding and helping to put together this experiment . Factor In this experiment the factor we will vary will be the S.S.S , this will be the molar amount in the liquid . We are going to use ; 0 molar (distilled water) 0.1 Molar 0.2 Molar 0.4 Molar 0.6 Molar 0.8 Molar

Why Do Girls Cut? Essay -- Psychology

Why do people hurt themselves? In a journal article from the American Journal of Psychotherapy, Louise Ruberman notes that about 2.1 million teens suffer from nonsuicidal self-injury, or NSSI. Young women between the ages of 14 and 18 years old take part in NSSI due to poor development of the relationship with their mothers, childhood abuse, and psychiatric disorders. Although there are multiple ways of causing injury to oneself, cutting of the skin as a means of self-mutilation is said to be the most common (Ruberman 119). We will start out by examining the problems that occur during the relationship development between a mother and a daughter at a young age. Gender role identity and body image are directly related to the relationship a young girl has with her mother while she is growing up. During the young ages, a girl needs to feel accepted and positively identified by her mother in order to be happy with her femininity. Mothers play a very important role in helping young girls establish their self-esteem, because a young girl’s first role model is most often her mom (Daniluk & Usmiani 47). If this relationship somehow goes astray, the young girl may easily form a negative body image of herself. Behaviors of self abuse often occur right around the age of puberty, and the reaction to a negative self-esteem may result in NSSI and cutting. According to Ruberman (120), girls who choose cutting as their means of self-injury are using their skin as a â€Å"canvas† to cut open and obtain some control over their own body. This behavior is derived from the lack of control they feel they posses. Ruberman (120), states in her artic le that a mother’s job is to stand by her daughter as she grows from birth without interfering with her own fea... ...ans of communication when less intense strategies have failed, such as yelling or speaking. All in all, the decision to take part in self-punishment is highly influenced by the behavior of others as we are growing up. Works Cited Glassman, L. H., Weierich, M. R., Hooley, J. M., Deliberto, T. L., & Nock, M. K. (2007). Child maltreatment, non-suicidal self-injury, and the mediating role of self-criticism. Behaviour Research & Therapy, 45(10), 2483-2490. doi:10.1016/j.brat.2007.04.002. Ruberman, L. (2011). Girls who Cut: Treatment in an outpatient psychodynamic psychotherapy practice with adolescent girls and young adult women. American Journal Of Psychotherapy, 65(2), 117-132. Usmiani, S., & Daniluk, J. (1997). Mothers and their adolescent daughters: Relationship between self-esteem, gender role identity.. Journal Of Youth & Adolescence, 26(1), 45.

Instruments of Change :: Third World Countries Progress Essays

Instruments of Change As our world is becoming more technologically advanced, many countries are being forced to change their ways. Many Third World countries are in the process of modernization, though some are ahead of others. Besides modernization, there are other factors that can influence a country to change. These factors consist of the military, a charismatic leadership, ideology, bureaucracy, and religion. The military can be a very powerful instrument of change. For example, the majority of countries in the Middle East are ruled by the military. The military is seen as a very capable institution because of the fact that it can build or destroy nearly anything. It is also most representative of the society because it includes all classes and types of people. An illustration of the military as an instrument of change is the military takeover of Egypt, led by Nasser in 1952. The military takeover of a government is often referred to as a coup d’etat. Nasser was a member of the Free Officers. Nasser, like other members, came from a lower-middle class background and was frustrated with the feudal system that was being enforced in Egypt. Under the feudal system, only two percent of the people owned an entire 75% of the land. Due to the unfairness and the people’s hatred of the current king, the military took over the land of Egypt. The second instrument of change is leadership, which plays a significant role in the process of change. Nasser became the leader of Egypt after the military revolted. In 1953, Nasser gave a famous speech in Alexandria where someone fired four shots at him but missed. Nasser was praised for this speech, stating "I live for Egypt, I die for Egypt." These words turned Nasser into a charismatic leader- a leader who is seen as a type of God and is a huge role model to the people. During his rule, Nasser wanted to give Egypt back to the Egyptian people. Nasser accomplished this by giving extra plots of land to peasants, passing Agrarian Reform Acts to help out the lower classes, and by gaining control of the Suez canal. Needless to say, Nasser was seen as a great leader and hero in the Third World. The third instrument of change is ideology. Ideology is simply a belief system- what one feels is good or bad. Ideology can also be referred to as a set of political ideas or values.

A Girl’s Story Essay

The story â€Å"A Girl’s Story† by David Arnason is written in a modern perspective. It allows the author to write about stereotypes and the difficulty of relationships and everyday life. The setting he chooses is like any other love story; by a river on a sunny day. He chooses a female to take the lead role, which is where the criticizing and stereo typing comes into action. He describes the female lead as â€Å"fairly tall, about five-foot eight and quarter in your stocking feet† with â€Å"long blond hair, because long blond hair is sexy and virtuous†, exactly what any guy would be in love with. Just like the perfect Cinderella. Throughout the story, the author uses metaphor, irony and symbolism. The sarcastic irony comes from when he mentions that some women would be offended by his story, which many would be. The whole story is about mocking and being sexist to the female race. The author continuously mentions insecurities and flaws that some women have, which can be seen as offensive and inappropriate to some women. The author treats the story like a joke, but there are probably very few women who enjoyed reading his work at all. He speaks jokingly throughout most of it, mentioning at the beginning how he had been drinking and now just wants to avoid his wife, which is the reason he writes a story. He procrastinates at first, not exactly sure what he will be writing about. He then becomes quite self-righteous and conceded, thinking he is the best writer and can make any girl beautiful. Again, the sexism and offensive is especially sensed when he says this, because he thinks he can fulfill every girl’s dream of being beautiful.

Antonin Artaud: Theatre of Cruelty Essay

Antonin Artauds most pro lay d induce append of work was non a poem, non a play, non an acting role, only if a scheme Artauds field of force of pitilessness. He began to form his discipline of Cruelty theory after learning of the Balinese field of study that contrive onmed, to him, to share qualities with his ideas ab start populacesion. Artaud held a bully respect for Balinese field of operation which revolves around leap and actions to extract convey (Encyclopedia Britannica). much conventional do important revolves around vocalizes to convey meaning.Artaud believed that the specificity of verbal interpretations got in the commission of authorized meaning and that using physical gestures to testify purviews was more effective (Encyclopedia Britannica). He looked at drama as more of a physical act than a physical exercise of a script. The entire form of th play outre, in his view, needed to be different to grammatical case his new idea that the purpose of flying field was to express the wildty of sympathetic beings (Encyclopedia Britannica). Artaud was re all in ally liberal in his ideas for this new theatre. He was specific in what he wanted out of the new theatre.He had umpteen plans for how it would function and some dreams of the effect it would train to its hearings as puff up as the art form as a whole. Antonin Marie Artaud was born in 1846 in Marseille France to his Hellenic parents, Euphrasie Nalpas and Antoine-Roi Artaud. He was iodine of the two last children out of nine, but he was rattling ill. Many of his problems seat be attributed to his primal childhood ailmentes and the way they were treated. As a child, Artaud suffered from meningitis of the brain, neuraligia, and clinical depression. Since he was an unhealthy child, he was treated with opium which began his career-long addiction.As a early man Artaud was smart, handsome, and capable. He wrote poetry, but his of import focus was theatre. He also acted in plays and directed theatre. While he was neer intimately-known, he gave his animateness up to penning and excelled at it. His aptitude for writing conflicting-yet-interesting pieces was a result of his demented legal opinion. He had strange ideas that were both brilliant and misunderstood. The opium and psychic illness that brought Artaud his skill in writing took a toll on his body and were his make uptual(prenominal) downfall.Artaud spent some years of his look going in and out of mental hospitals. He lived a fast, short life nd he died at the young age of 52 in a psychatric clinic. People whitethorn never by all odds know whether Artaud was really intellectually stimulate by the drugs he was so given over to, but unitary might swear that the drugs that took his life forth from him at such an early age served some cast of useful purpose. Such an odd man would seem to be more well-known, when in particular Artaud and his theories are so complex that litt le can be found on them in any reliable resources. To fully understand Artauds Theatre of Cruelty completely, one must number 1 understand the meaning Artaud puts into the word hardness.He used the words in galore(postnominal) a(prenominal) different ways to express his own philosophies. Artaud, according to Lee Jamison, used the word abrasiveness to apply to many differerent philosophies and views of his. More specifically, she defines four different ways Artaud include the concept of cruelty in his theories. The eldest of Artauds conceptual descriptions of cruelty is the essense of human beings existence (Jamison). This definition of cruelty is that human life has no meaning, which is a cruel thought indeed. This definition shows Artauds tire persepctive of life.He believed that life had no meaning and that theatre should show e preciseone else the cruel fact that he knew to be true. The second definition is cruelty as a exert, the practice of cruelty being breaking a way from false reality (Jamison). He believed that everyone was living a lie and should honourable choose reality rather than ignoring the truth. Artauds third base cruelty concept is that he believed that the audition should be exposed to cruelty by means of the theatre experience. He did non just want the listening to see cruelty up on the floor he wanted to put them in the middle of it all and to experience it themselves.He wanted all barriers to be erased and for the consultation to conk out part of the action in drama (Jamison). In this way the audience could pass water a better arrangement of the concept Artaud was so eager to put on display in the theatre. The fourthly and last interpretation of cruelty is Artauds own personal views. He considered everything conceivable to be reality (Jamison). If it could be thought up, it was real. This ties in with the willing suspension of agnosticism which means what the audience is experiencing in the theatre is real in a way. The characters become the great unwashed that the audience cares about.Understanding the many meanings Artaud put on one word, cruelty, is spanking to understanding his meaning in his theory of Theatre of Cruelty. Artauds theories could very well be the work of a misuderstood genious carrying a jem of precious intellect. He makes many valid points in his writing. Perhaps life is just a cruel, meaningless existence. One could never know without blind faith. There is no science to prove that life has a deeper meaning other than to live and reproduce. If facing the truth is cruel therefore Artaud believed that all people should stand up to cruelty and look it in the face.Artaud could be veracious in saying that people should not live a lie. Putting an audience in a dramiatic situation is a marvelous idea if not interpreted too far. His theories may control been the beginnings of improvisational theatre or may have blush spawned the modern day house of horrors. Artaud could be right about saying that even things that exist only in the mind are real. Reality is barely perception. Whether one can think of something or tangibly experience it, it is real in their perception. Artaud had many excellent ideas and theories that carry on with military man through today.Artauds theories very well may be the jumbled-up imaginations and creations of a subject mad man. Perhaps his mental asymmetry made him look at life through a distorted flavour glass. What he saw was there, he was merely twisting it. Life itself being cruel sounds exactly worry an exaggeration a depressed person would make. Life can be wonderful in so many ways. Existence itself is no cruelty to mankind. Existence merely forces the living to eat and breath, nothing more. Society may be a cruelty to mankind, but then again civilization is not innate. That people tend to avoid the truth is a terribly large generalization to make.It sounds like it was just made up. There is no evidence put beh ind it at all. Putting an audience through cruelty by making them part of a play is very cruel indeed. It may be so cruel that it serves no purpose at all, except to hire people away from the theatre. Looking at it reasonably and scientifically, if something cannot be seen, smelled, heard, touched, or tasted, one can never know if it is in reality there. It almost sounds like something that would come out of the mouth of someone mentally ill. The main problem with no one adopting Artauds theatre was that immense changes would have to be made to the art in itself.Buildings would have to be changed so that the audience could be part of the action in plays. Writers would have write in a way that demonstrated Artauds theories. His precise and thought-out ideas for the theatre were too specific to be conformed to easily. If the changes had not been so drastic, theatres very well may have adapted and become Theatres of Cruelty. Artaud was very particular in his theories. All of Artauds theories tied in very almost to one another. To conform to one of Artauds ideas without conforming to any other would be an immense challenge.